Drought and vegetation
26 important questions on Drought and vegetation
What is a meteorological drought?
Prolonged time with less than average precipitation. Usually precedes other types of drought.
What is a agricultural / ecological drought?
Prolonged deficit of available soil moisture causing stress in agricultural or natural ecosystems. Caused by low precipitation or high water demand.
What is a hydrological drought?
A lack of water in the hydrological system, resulting in abnormally low streamflow in rivers and abnormally low levels in lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater. Caused by low precipitation or high water demand.
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Due to climate change there will be more precipitation, but drier soils. How is this possible?
Thinking about dry periods, what is expected in the future?
More and longer meteorologically dry periods.
What do we need to know about how plants respond to drought?
The amount of precipitation and how much soil water is available to plants.
How are the matrix suction and soil moisture content (θ) related?
A low volumetric moisture content θ corresponds with high suctions, and high θ values with low suctions.
How is plant available water calculated?
How many percent of water is used for transpiration and how many for photosynthesis and growth?
Where is transpiration used for within a plant? (2 things)
2. Cooling
How can plants limit water loss?
What will it cost a plant if it closes its stomata?
What are isohydric plants?
transpiration. The closed stomata can lead to carbon starvation.
What are anisohydric plants?
Plants that decrease Ψleaf under drought conditions and keep their stomata open and photosynthetic rate high. There is the risk of losing too much water potential which leads to hydraulic failure.
What are the effects on radiation if there is a loss of dominant species? (3 things)
2. Decreasing latent heat flux.
3. Increasing sensible heat flux.
What are the effects on water if there is a loss of dominant species? (3 things)
2. Less canopy evaporation.
3. More soil evaporation.
What are physiological traits of drought strategies in the leaf of a plant? (3 things)
2. Turgor loss point
3. Cuticular conductance
What are physiological traits of drought strategies in the entire plant? (4 things)
2. Maximum hydraulic conductance
3. Capacitance and water shortage
4. Cell membrane permeability
What are physiological traits of drought strategies in the roots of a plant? (3 things)
2. Hydraulic isolation
3. Soil-root hydraulic conductance
What are morphological traits of drought strategies in the shoot of a plant? (5 things)
2. Leaf vain density
3. Total leaf area
4. Leaf shedding
5. Leaf to sapwood area ratio
What are xylem (tubes) anatomical traits of drought strategies in a plant? (3 things)
2. Pit membrane thickness
3. Wood density
What are morphological traits of drought strategies in the roots of a plant? (3 things)
2. Rooting depth
3. Fine root loss
What is the water retention curve (pF curve)
What is the water retention curve (pF curve)
How high can water maximum rise with capillarity?
What are the effects on carbon if there is a loss of dominant species? (3 things)
2. Less autotroph respiration
3. Less heterotroph respiration
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