Sublethal effects
8 important questions on Sublethal effects
What is the definition of sublethal effects & how can sub-lethal effects lead to ecological mortality? Moreover, what 4 kinds of physiological processes change due to sublethal exposure?
Affected physiological processes:
1. Growth
2. Reproduction
3. Behavior
4. Development
What is the difference between an LC50 graph and an EC50 graph
An EC50 graph represents a graph that relates the toxicant concentration with the affected physiological processes rate of a group of species. From this graph, the sublethal concentration of a toxicant at which 50% of a certain physiological process is affected can be deluded.
What is meant with teratology and what four effects can a Teratogen have and in which 5 ways can a Teratogen act to realize the effects?
4 Effects on Embryo or Fetus:
1. Embryo lethality
2. Anatomical malformation
3. Functional deficiencies
4. Slowed growth
5 Ways Teratogens act by interfering with:
1. Genomic imprinting.
2. Disrupting mitosis.
3. Interfering with transcription and translation.
4. Inter- & Intracellular signaling.
5. Disturbing metabolism.
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What is the Teratogenic index (TI) and what does a low or high TI indicate?
A high TI number indicates that there are already Teratogenic effects although the concentrations remain significantly lower compared to the lethal concentrations.
In which two ways can a toxicant thave effect on the sexual characteristics?
2. Female organisms can adopt male characteristics. E.g. Whelks develop the male genitals in case of exposure to TBT.
In which 5 ways can toxins affect animals physiologically and in which 4 ways can toxins affect plants physically?
1. (Swimming) speed or stamina
2. Respiration
3. Excretion
4. Osmoregulation
5. Food conversion efficiency
Plants:
1. Stomatal function
2. Root growth
3. Respiration and Transpiration
4. Photosynthesis
Which 2 methods can be used to determine if a species is physiologically affected and what do they entail?
Here the different rates of oxygen consumption under maximum and minimum activity levels are measured.
2. Scope of growth:
Amount of energy uptaken by the species which is food - respiration - excretion (P = A - R -U)
In which three ways can de behavior of a species be affected?
2. Prey animals are less aware about predators
3. Predators prey less on prey.
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