Acute and chronic effects
3 important questions on Acute and chronic effects
What are the two kinds of lethalty and what is the hypothesis of the ELS test?
1. Acute lethality:
- Death caused by short and usually intense exposure.
- Sometimes acute exposure results in death at a later stage.
2. Chronic lethality:
- Death caused by significant long exposure (10% of lifespan).
- Time is species dependant as some species live way longer than other species.
ELS test:
If a group individual passes the early life stage test it indicates that the population of that species is not threatened as the most sensitive generation is protected.
- Death caused by short and usually intense exposure.
- Sometimes acute exposure results in death at a later stage.
2. Chronic lethality:
- Death caused by significant long exposure (10% of lifespan).
- Time is species dependant as some species live way longer than other species.
ELS test:
If a group individual passes the early life stage test it indicates that the population of that species is not threatened as the most sensitive generation is protected.
Which three types of tests exist?
1. Static test:
Test setup at which a species is put in a certain condition.
2. Static-renewal test:
Identical to the Static test, but the medium with a certain condition is replaced over time to guarantee that the conditions remain the same (especially useful for tests that take more time.)
3. Flow-though-test:
A constant flow of toxicant through a medium.
Test setup at which a species is put in a certain condition.
2. Static-renewal test:
Identical to the Static test, but the medium with a certain condition is replaced over time to guarantee that the conditions remain the same (especially useful for tests that take more time.)
3. Flow-though-test:
A constant flow of toxicant through a medium.
Which three mixture types of toxins exist and what do they entail?
1. Additivity: The Effect of mixture toxins is the sum of the expected effects.
2. Synergism: The effect of mixture toxins is greater than the sum of expected effects.
3. Antagonism: The effect of mixture toxins is less than the sum of the expected effects.
2. Synergism: The effect of mixture toxins is greater than the sum of expected effects.
3. Antagonism: The effect of mixture toxins is less than the sum of the expected effects.
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