Values Clarification & Learning Values
20 important questions on Values Clarification & Learning Values
What is the good life according to Cognitive Development theory?
And how can this be stimulated?
You live a good life if:
You reason about justice in an impartial and autonomous way.
This can be stimulated through:
Modelling, stimulating moral dilemma discussions, Just Community Schools.
What is the good life according to Care Ethics?
And how can this be stimulated?
You live a good life if:
You have relationships in which you respond to the needs and wants of other people.
This can be stimulated through:
Modelling, practice, dialogue, confirmation.
What is the good life according to Values Clarification?
And how can this be stimulated?
You live a good life if:
You freely choose your own vaules, cherish them, and act on them consistently.
This can be stimulated through:
Questioning strategies about value-laden topics in safe class atmosphere.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What is the good life according to Character Education?
You live a good life if:
You cultivate shared core virtues that enable you to flourish.
This can be stimulated through:
Moedlling, habituation, dialogue, (narrative) art.
When and where did Values Clarification emerged?
- Louis Raths (1900-1978) > influenced by Dewey.
- Popularised by others: Harmin, Kirschenbaum.
Why do we need Values Clarification?
“[a]ll of us, young and old, often become confused about what we value in this rapidly changing world” (Podzol & Pasch, 1976, p. 202)
Confusing times ask for Values Clarification:
• Vietnam war (1955 1975)
• Threat of a nuclear war (1950 1960s)
• Oil/energy crises (1973, 79)
• Watergate (1974)
• Low economic growth rates
• Space exploration (1969 1972)
• Sexual revolution• Civil rights’ movement (King 1968†)
What are the differences between 'Traditional' Values Education and Values Clarification?
• Children are ignorant, immature, sinful
• Transmit (Christian) values of one generation to the next
Values clarification
• Children already value many things
• But they are confused
• Help children to clarify what they already value
What is a Value according to Values Clarification?
• Is it chosen freely?
• Is it chosen from alternatives?
• Is it chosen after thoughtful consideration?
• Is it prized and cherished?
• Is it affirmed when asked about?
• Does it influence your actions?
• Does is become a pattern in life?
What are classroom methods? (For Values Clarification)
• Select a value laden topic or moral issue
• Introduce a question or activity
• Encourage to employ seven valuing processes
Core of different strategies
• 'Clarifying response’
Educere and Educare are two different forms of education; how are they different?
Is about the PROCESS: thinking about the good life.
- Values Clarification (strategies to clarify own values)
- Cognitive development (dilemma's and JCS to stimulate reasoning)
Educare: transmission of educators' views.
[is impossible? > transmission of trauma is also done through the relationship between parent and child]
Is about the CONTENT: specific ideas about the good life.
- Character Education: Cultivate virtues through role modelling, habituation, etc.
- Care Ethics: stimulate caring relations through modelling, practice, dialogue, confirmation.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT VS. VALUES CLARIFICATION
What are the differences and similarities between cognitive and values clarification?
• Anti authoritarian
• Emphasis on freedom, autonomy, critical thinking
• No transmission of moral content
Differences
• Moral reasoning vs values
• Theory vs practice
In what sense is and in what sense isn’t values clarification ‘value free’?
Do you think that people whose values are clarified can be called ‘morally educated’. Explain why (not)?
What do your values mean for others?
THREE WAYS TO LEARN VALUES (Halstead& Pike)
1. Ways to teach values (focus on teacher)
• Direct instruction
2. Ways to learn values (focus on student)
• Learning by imitating others
• Learning by participating
• Learning by reflecting and discussing
What do Halstead & Pike mean by LEARNING THROUGH IMITATION?
• Religious world view education
• Moral examplars in literature history etc
• Rituals /ceremonies
• Visual displays
• Spontaneous moral commentary
• Classroom rules and regulations
• Curricular substructure
• Expressive morality (i.e. facial expressions
*Jackson, Boostrom & Hansen (1993). The moral life of schools
What is meant by Hidden Curriculum?
• “the unstated norms, values and beliefs that are transmitted to students through the underlying structure of meaning in both the formal content as well as the social relations of school and classroom life” (Giroux & Penna, 1979, p. 22)
Is moral education through a hidden curriculum possible and desirable?
No...
• Pluralistic society
• Influence of power structures
• Become aware of values/beliefs, explicate them, critically reflect on them.
Are learning values through imitation, participation and reflection always compatible?
For example, can you still become critically reflective after years of exposure to the hidden curriculum?
If you are not so perceptive it is better to be open about the values that underlie behavior so you van reflect on them critically and change them, so power structures can be uncovered and changed.
What methods would you use (as a chaplain) to improve a soldier’s moral competences?
• Cognitive development, care ethics and values clarification
• The methods described in the chapter by Halstead & Taylor.
What can you do to stimulate moral education in organisations?
• Don’t rely on the formal curriculum (subjects, such as
philosophy, worldview education, citizen education etc) too much
• Pay attention to the moral messages being communicated through the hidden curriculum (of a school, hospital, prison)
[denk aan Carol Bacchi: "What's the problem represented to be?"]
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
