Genome evolution and comparative genomics
10 important questions on Genome evolution and comparative genomics
What is comparative genomics and the importants?
important for:
- identification genomic fetaures
- understanding function of genomic features
- prediction effectpathogenicity mutations
What is the C value paradox?
What is the G value paradox?
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How many novel coding changes occur from one human generation to the next (parents vs child)? And what for types of changes?
- point mutations
- indels
- structural variations
- transposon activity
- deletions
- duplications
- exon
- gene
- segmental
- whole-genome
- aneuploidies (more chromosomes)
What leads to gene evolution? And what are orthologs and paralogs?
- Gene duplication
- paralogs = genes in the same species created though gene duplication
- orthologs = genes found in two species that had a common ancestor
What is functional redundancy (functionele redundantie)?
- Biological/biochemical function is encoded by two or more genes/genetic elements. Each of the genes/elements can replace the function of the other gene/element. There is less evolutionary selection acting on genes with redundant function. Gene duplication is a major process of creating functional redundancy
- which can be functionally redundant:
- ortholog
- paralog
How are conserved regions called?
Synteny (gene order)?
- genetic and physical maps compared between species or in same species.
- closely related species generally have similar oder of genes on chromosomes
- synteny can be used to identify genes in one species based on map position in another
How is divergence time correlated with sensitivity and specificity?
how more divergence time there has past, how more specificity through the two species.
Comparative genomics is of major importance to? (3)
- Assign function to genome sequences
- identify novel important elements
- prioritize candidate mutations in human disease genetics: example synonymous and non-synonympus SNP density across exonic sequences
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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