Summary: Emergence Of Psychology

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  • 1 Emergence of Psychology

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  • What did Plato (428-347 BC) believe?

    Believed in nativism. This is idea that we are born with all of our knowledge.
  • What did Aristotle (384-322 BC) believe?

    Believed in Philosophical Empiricism. This is the idea that knowledge is gained through experience.
  • What did Descartes (1596-1650) argue?

    He argued that the mind and brain were two separate things. The brain is material and the mind is spiritual.
  • What did Hobbes (1588-1679) argue?

    He rejected Descartes and said the mind is what the brain does.
  • What is the behaviourists approach?

    This is the study of external behaviour. Behaviourists claim introspection can be interpreted incorrectly since what happens in someone's mind can never truly be know. Watson (1878-1958) had an empiricist viewpoint and believed behaviour is influenced by the environment.
  • What is a Theory?

    A set of formal statements explaining how and why events are related to one another.
  • What are the features of a science?

    • Emphasis on falsification of hypothesis
    • Using empirical data
    • Parsimony of theory
    • Ability to conduct controlled experiments
    • Accuracy in measurement
    • Facilitation of prediction
  • What is deductive reasoning?

    General idea to a more specific idea, re-stating what is already known.
  • What did Alcmaeon of Croton (500BC) say?

    He said mental processes took place in the brain.
  • What did Empedocles of Acragas (490-430BC) say?

    That the mental processes took place in the heart.

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