Summary: Engels Her

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• 1 Middle ages

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• When where the early middle ages-and what took place-and how did the society look like?  -What was the religion and what was the written languange?

  -From the year 450 untill 1066
  - In 450 the Romans withdrew from Britain. Celts from Scotland and Ireland invaded. Also from Denmark. There were many wars.
  - kings who ruled warriors who ruled farmers. Also priests, monks and monasteries. Kings are the most important and ruled over everyone.
  
  From 6th century onwards Christianity. Language: Latin. Religious writing in monasteries.

• -When was the Aglo-saxon Chronicle?-What are Chronicles, where are they written?-What was Beowulf?

  -9th century-12th century
  - They are annual records of events wich took place in that year. Many details. Written by monks. Religieus but also secular events. Sources: written but also hearsay.
  - oldest European (Anglo-Saxon) text (poem) written in “vernacular” (people’s language). More than 3.000 lines. Alliteration (same starting letters). Playing with word stress. One medieval copy from the 10th century but is probably way older then that. Contents wars, kings, soldiers, common folk. Representative of Anglo-Saxon era but also fantasy in order to entertain.

• When were the late Middle ages?What was the battle of Hastings?What was the Feudal System what was introduced?

  -1066 -1500
  - William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy (France) defeats Anglo-Saxons. Old Anglo-Saxon structure of kings and warriors disappeared. Norman rulers in Church, army, judiciary system. Language: French.
  
  - Feudal System introduced: three classes: 1. Nobility. 2. Clergy (Church). 3. Commoners. 
                  - 1. King lent pieces of the country to the nobility
                  - 2. Celgy was a part of the politics and were also lent an portion of the country
                 - 3.Farmers where ussually free men and women.
  
  Normail people had to pay taxes and had to provide work for the country             

• What was an midieval romance and name an example?What was Sir gawain and the green knight about?

  -Written in verse.
  - One central character/hero. Had to overcome a lot in ordor to win the heart is a lady. Gets often help by a friend an opposed by an enemy. In the end he gets the lady. 
  Example: King horn  
  
  -Written late 14th century. Storyline from French and Irish tales. Has a logical progression wich is not common. The story is about the Chivalrous adventures of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Wich is typically Romantic.

• Who was Geoffrey Chaucer and name 2 litterary works

  Spent his life in service of English court. Travelled a lot in service of king Edward the third to spain an Itally. Met other famous writers. Worked as tax collector. Wrote and travelled a lot. Inspired the English language with many new modern words.
  
    The Canterbury Tales: Story of a pilgrimage to the grave of Saint Thomas Becket. 
  Frame Story: links many separate tales.
  Characters (Knight, Miller, Wife of Bath, Pardoner, …) from all levels of society. Humorous and educational, for the audience familiar characters from medieval society, thus relatable.

• 2 Renaissance 1485-1603

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• What was elizibeth 1 known for during her rule?

  She was known for her peace an that she supported arts. Engeland bloeide op.

• What are 4 famous writers apart from shakespeare and theur works?

  Thomas Moore(1478-1535): Critisiced the society by writing about utopia.
  Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542): Worked for Court. Translated poems of Petrarca's into English. Whoso list to hunt (Poem).
  Edmund Spenser (1551-1599): Translated poetry and helped produce anti-catholic propaganda. Known for his sonnets.
  Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593): Talented playwright. Known for violence in his work and life. Doctor Fuastus is a well known play about a doctor who sells his sole to the devil

• Who was william shakespare and what is he known for?

  William Shakespeare (1564-1616): playwright and poet. 38 plays. 156 poets. Attended grammar school. Married at age 18, 3 kids. Moves to London and works as a playwright and poet. Ears considerable money. Theatre company: The Chamberlain’s Men (Elizabeth I)/The King’s Men (James I).
  Plays: Lots of puns. Easy language.  Famous plays: Comedy: A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Romeo and Juliet: tragic love story. Tragedy: Hamlet.
  
  
  The Sonnet: Shakespearean (or: English) sonnet
   Three quatrains  and a final couplet (two lines). iambic pentameter.  Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. Volta:  third quatrain. Traditional themes: love and romance. 

• 3 The Enlightenment

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• In wich three periods can the literature be divided?

  The first period: 1688-1730s. characterized by classicism in poetry. Next to poems there came proza, the essays of Steele and Addison. But also the first novels written by Defoe and Swift. Most of the writers of this time wrote political pamphlets.
  
  The second period ( 40s and 50s): The most mature period. Saw an development in the realistic novel.
  
  The third period (The and of the 18th century): It is marked by the appearance of the new trend: Sentimentalism. Also saw the rise of the realistic drama (Sheridan) and the revival of poetry.

• Who was alexander Pope(1688-1744)

  Grew to 1,4meters. . Heavily influenced by classical writers in content and style. Was one of the first to use Heroic Couplet ((in verse) a pair of rhyming iambic pentameters. 
  The Rape of the Lock, 1714, a burlesque on the beau monde of London.