Risk Diagnostic and Analysis
22 important questions on Risk Diagnostic and Analysis
What is included in risk management?
What are the categories of models used?
· Logical tools (FTA, Markov chains, petri networks)
Which methods are used for the prelimenary stages (basic methods)?
· Functional analysis
· Preliminary risk analysis (PHA)
· FMECA
· HAZOP
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Which methods are used for the prelimenary stages (basic methods)?
· Functional analysis
· Preliminary risk analysis (PHA)
· FMECA
· HAZOP
What are static methods for analysis?
· Reliability block diagram
· FTA
· ETA
FTA is only deductive (effect à cause)
What are dynamic methods for analysis?
· Markov chains
· Stochastic petri nets
· Bayesian belief networks
What is a framework to assess risk?
1. Identify the hazard
2. Decide who or what might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
4. Record your findings and implement them
5. Review your assessment and update if necessary
Prelimenary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
- Deductive
- PHA = simple technique to implement, and it allows a quick identification of the main risks of a system.
- Tool for identifying hazards, causal factors, level of risk and mitigating design measures.
- Advantages: comparative, methodical, inexpensive
- Disadvantage: often taken as the only technique
(Table: Element/Hazard/Hazardous event/Causes/Consequences/Measures)
What are FMEA and FMECA?
FMECA = Failure Mode Effect & Criticality Analysis (qualitative and quantitative
FMEA = Failure mode effect analysis (qualitative)
Is relevant tool for safety engineering, it does not provide insight into two events in different subsystems.
1. functional analysis
2. failure mode determination
3. criticality determination
Failure modes/advantages/disadvantages FMEA/FMECA
· It is detailed
· Rigorous
· Reliable prediction
· Automated
· Relatively inexpensive
Disadvantages:
· Not designed for hazards unrelated to
failure modes
· No combination in failures
· No cost of failure
· Limited to external interference
What are advantages and disadvantages of FTA and ETA?
· Combination of events
· Estimation of likelihood can prioritise prevention methods
· Quantification is powerful (But)
Disadvantages FTA:
· Not suitable for a complete system
· (but) quantification is difficult to implement
· Seemingly simple, but can lead to very wrong assumptions
Advantages ETA:
· Strong for existing safety resources (prevention, protection, response)
· Quickly to implement
Disadvantages ETA:
· only one initiating event
· No systematic search for initiating event
What is Bowtie/CCA?
- CCA = cause-consequence analysis or a combination of FTA & ETA
- In a bow tie, the FTA are the causes, and the ETA are the release events
- CCA is both inductive and deductive (because of FTA & ETA combination) on of the most rigorous and powerful methods. Extremely good coverage of the considered situation.
What are advantages/disadvantages of Bowtie/CCA?
· Powerful
· Inductive and deductive
· Concrete visualization from causes to consequences
Disadvantages:
· Heavy needs to be performed by experts
· Not systematic since only one initiating event
· Does not work for big systems (will take years)
What is a risk matrix?
- This tool can be employed to measure and categorize risks on an informed judgement basis as to both probability and consequences and as to relative importance.
- Estimation should be done by risk managers
- Risk with a higher score have a higher priority
What are the steps of quantitative risk assesment (QRA)?
1. Scope of study
2. Identify all possible hazards
3. Identification of all incidents
4. Select one or more significant incidents
5. Determine potential damage and injury
6. Estimate frequency of occurrence
7. Combine result last two steps (consecutively summed up risk)
8. Risk acceptability criteria
Advantages/disadvantages of quantitative risk assessment (QRA)?
· Unrealistic (miniscule numbers)
· Specialist method
Advantage:
· Looks at simultaneous events
· Very complex and high focussed
What is layer of protection analysis (LOPA)?
- Deductive
Layer of Protection Analysis is an analytical procedure that looks at the safeguards to be if the protection provided is adequate for every known risk. It is a powerful analytical tool for assessing the adequacy of protection layers used to mitigate process risk. LOPA builds upon well-known process hazards analysis techniques, applying semi-quantitative measures to the evaluation of the frequency of potential incidents and the probability of failure of the protection layers
What are LOPA's three questions?
2. How many layers of protection are needed?
3. How much risk reduction does every layer of protection realize?
What is a Bayesian Network (BN)?
- BN can be viewed as an approach to have an overview of relationships between causes and effects of a system. In addition, each node/variable has an associated so-called Conditional
- Probability Tables assigned to the nodes specify how strongly the linked nodes influence each other. The key feature of BNs is that they enable us to model and reason about uncertainty
What are the most common used techniques for risk assesment?
2. FMEA/FMECA
3. What if analysis
4. Risk matrix
Context of risk analysis two main situations
- Classical tools for safety engineering (prelimenary risk analysis, fault or event tree)
2. Cases involving complex systems (plants, installations etc)
- Tools for individual analysis will only allow you to look at parts, so you also need tools that can carry systemic analyses
What are the objectives of ERM?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
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