Risk treatment and reduction

13 important questions on Risk treatment and reduction

What are protection an mitigation?

Protection and mitigation consist of all measures reducing consequences, severity or development of a disaster.

What are the two types of protection measures (safeguards)?

§ Before the event (“protection”): reducing the size of the object of risk exposure when an event occurs

§ After the event (“protection by means of mitigation”): are usually emergency measures to stop the damage accumulation or counteract the effects of the disaster

What is passive and active protection?

Passive protection = no activation needed (firewall)
Active protection = with activation (sprinkler)
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What is risk treatment?

Risk treatment is hence described as a selection and implementation process of measures which are destined to reduce (negative) risks

What are the three steps of risk treatment?

§ Identification of potential measures under the prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery domains
§ Evaluation and section of measures
§ Planning and implementation of chosen measures

Different safety measures for risk mitigation

* Disincentives (to avoid implementing potential threats)
* Prevention measures (inhibiting threat realization)
* Protective (and mitigative measures) (limit threat impact by reducing direct consequences)
* Remedial actions (limit consequences of threat implementation and indirect consequences)
* Recovery measures (aim to recover damages by risk tranference)

Different safety measures for risk mitigation

* Disincentives (to avoid implementing potential threats)
* Prevention measures (inhibiting threat realization)
* Protective (and mitigative measures) (limit threat impact by reducing direct consequences)
* Remedial actions (limit consequences of threat implementation and indirect consequences)
* Recovery measures (aim to recover damages by risk tranference)

What are abilities essential for resilience?

· To respond to what happens
· To monitor critical developments
· To anticipate future threats and opportunities
· To learn from experience – successes as well as failures

Four premises for resilience engineering?

o Performance conditions are always underspecified
o Some adverse events cannot be expected
o Safety management must be proactive and reactive
o Safety cannot be isolated from the core (business) process

What are the two ways to deal with risk?

1. Risk acceptance
- Risk transfer
- Risk retention
2. Risk reduction
- Risk control
- Risk avoidance

Acceptance - reduction (low to high ownership of risk)

What are the two dimension of vulnerability- measures?

Preventive instruments (occurence)
- Reduce likelihood of occurence
- Act on causes and probability of occurence
Protective/mitigation instruments (severity) 
- Limit consequences
- Act on consequences without taking into account the occurence

Risk reduction (risk matrix) Four areas

1. Severity-Occurence (LOW)
- focus on periodical reviews, to keep low level of risk
2. Severity (LOW), occurence (HIGH)
- neccesity for good housekeeping
3. Severity (HIGH), occurence (LOW)
- adoption of contingency plans
4 Severity-Occurence (HIGH)     
- actively manage risk to bring it to a safer level

What is the risk treatment method?

* What are the issues?
- List of sensitive processes
* Why and what to protect?
- List of sensitive assets
* From what to protect?
- Threat list
* What are the risks?
- List of impacts and potential
* How to protect them?
- List of safety measures

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