The Restoration and the Neo-Classical period
24 important questions on The Restoration and the Neo-Classical period
When was the Restoration and the neo-classical period?
By which other names was this period known?
What sort of age was the 18th century?
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What does the name Augustan age refer to?
Where did the name Age of Reason come from?
How was the life of the common man different from that of the intellectual man and of the artists and writers in coffee houses?
What happened by the time their labourers had earned them enough money?
What were the most popular genres of that time and what gave the rise to it?
What was the Zeitgeist of the time?
•Western society at highest level ever, peopleself-confident -->intellectual, commonsense and wisdom.
•
•! only was truefor the higher classes! Life was hard for the poor and hardworking.
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•Charles II encouragedculturalpasttimes, theatresrestored and lots of drama and poetry.
•Two most important influencesondevelopment of the languageend of Renaissance
–1) works of William Shakespeare (in the sense of idiom, expressions and languageitself) and
–2) the King James Bible of 1611
What was the English language and poetry like during the reformation?
•Thisgrowthconcernedpeople; there was nostandard, peopledidwhattheyliked, noconsistancy
•USAGE RULED
–Peoplewriting as theyspoke(sartinlyforcertainly)
–PeopleincorporatingClasscial touches (addings in island).
•Therecame a cryfor a standardizedlanguage; dictionaries, grammarguides, pronunciationmanuals?
--> writersconcernedwiththis: John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift
What is the heroic couplet?
•A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry.
•It is commenly used for epic and narrative poetry.
It's a couple of lines that are rhymed.
-they are in iambic pentameter (that's five pairs of unstressed and stressed syllables.
It sounds like ba-DUM ba-DUM ba-DUM ba-DUM ba-DUM).
What are common features of satire?
What were the two types of satire?
•Horatian and Juvenalian
What is horatian satire?
•Roman satirist Horace, playfully criticizes social vice through gentle, mild, and light-hearted humour. Directed at folly not evil.
–Examples: Daniel Defoe’s the True-Born Englishman, Alexander Pope’s the Rape of the Lock, the Simpsons
What is Juvenalian satire?
•Roman satirist Juvenal, more hars than Horation. Addresses social evil through scorn, outrage, savage ridicule. Often pessimistic, ironic, less emphasis on humour.
–Examples: Jonathan Swift’s a Modes Proposal, Samuel Johnson’s London, George Orwell’s Animal Farm, 1984, Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho.
How did prose become an important form of literature?
What is the advantage of prose\/
What was Mac Flacknoe?
•John Dryden's literary takedown of Thomas Shadwell*, is an imaginative and hilarious satire
•The poem carved out its own genre: themock-epic, or mock-heroic.
•Dryden completely skewers Shadwell, exposing him for what he was: a bad writer with bad taste, who would do anything for the cheap laugh.
Who patented the mock-epic style of writing?
•Written in Dryden's patented mock-epic style, the poem takes after its heroic, grandiose big brothers: classical, epic. Such as Paradise Lost and the Illiad.
He basically invented satire as we know it now
•Was Swift serious about boiling babies?
•By the time Swift published A Modest Proposal, he'd already had his work misinterpreted by the Queen of England and countless other humourless readers who didn't understand irony. Swift was pretty unpopular
What is the tone of a modest proposal?
•The tone is mock serious. The absurdity of the proposals makes clear that it is satire: Juvenalian satire.
What happened before the restoration of drama?
•Beforeclosing of the theatresbyPuritans: (pre-1660)
–‘public theatres’ wereopen-airaffairs.
–only men acted
–crowdsincluded spectators fromboth the well to do and the poorer classes.
What happened during the reign of King Charles II
•During the reign of King Charles II, the theatreswerereopenedagain:
–the development of the ‘private theatre’ which was fullyroofedwith more facilitiestook a flight.
–womencould act nowtoo
–however, because of the profesionalisation of the theatreitbecame a thingsolelyfor the middle and upper classes.
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