PRODUCTS, BRANDING AND PACKAGING

14 important questions on PRODUCTS, BRANDING AND PACKAGING

What is trading up and down in assortment strategy

  • Line extension (line stretching and line filling)
  • Line pruning (cutting the assortment)
  • Upgrading/downgrading (increasing or lowering service)

What is the definition of a (succesfull) brand

An identifiable product, service, person or place, augmented in such a way that a buyer perceives relevant, unique added values which match their needs most closely

What is the definition of a branded product

A product that distinguishes it from competing products on the basis of its extrinsic and intrinsic properties.
The purpose is to create added value for a relatively large group of customers
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Of what consists a brand

  • Brand name
  • Visual brand
  • Trade mark
  • Collective brand
  • Hallmark (certified stamp or label)
  • Brand image / visuals     

Name 3 way to launch a product

  1. Product launch as a branded product
  2. Product launch as a private label
  3. Mixed brand strategy

What are the considerations to opt for branded or private label

  • Competition considerations
  • Capacity considerations
  • Growth considerations 

Define 2 types of brand strategies

  • Individual brand strategy (chocolate Nestlé, Milka, Kinder)
  • Family/Umbrella strategy (Chocolate Nestlé leite, com nozes, branco)

Brand extension (Bic canetas -> tinta corretora -> isqueiros)

Name 2 types of dual brand strategy

  • Endorsement (Dove belongs to Unilever)
  • Co-branding (brand alliance, such as Nespresso + Krups coffee machines)

What brand levels are there

  1. A-Brand (Coca-Cola)
  2. B-Brand (First Choice Cola)
  3. C-Brand
  4. Fancy Label
  5. Private Label / Store Brand (Albert Heijn Cola)
  6. Store Brand   

What are the packaging options for products

  1. Primary packaging (flask of the deodorant)
  2. Secondary packaging (box with special offer of 2 deodorants)
  3. Transport packaging (boxes used during distribution)
  4. Disposable packaging (1 use only)
  5. Return packaging (refundable beer crates)
  6. Refill packaging (Dove refill carton for flasks)  

What are the main functions of packaging

  • Protection
  • Handling
  • Communication (information, recognition, image)

Define Product Life Cycle (PCL)

The graphical representation of the development of sales/supply of a given product over time

Product class, group, form and variant have their own life cycles.

What are the stages of marketing tools implementation

  1. Product + promotion
  2. Promotion + distribution
  3. Distribution + price
  4. Price change / new product

Ways to extend the product life cycle

  • Product modification (innovation)
  • Marketing mix modification
  • Market modification (different target group) 

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