Ethical Questions in the Design of Technology
20 important questions on Ethical Questions in the Design of Technology
What is Engineering design?
In which different stages can the Design Process be divided?
- Problem analysis and formulation
- Conceptual design
- Simulation
- Decision
- Detail design
- Prototype development and testing
What is the Problem analysis stage?
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In which points in the Problem analysis stage can ethical questions arise?
- Problem formulation and perspective
- Formulation of design requirements
- Specifying design requirements
What are Technical codes?
What is the Conceptual design stage?
What is the Simulation stage?
What are Design criteria?
What is Organizational deviance?
What ethical issues may Manufacture and construction rise?
- Labor conditions
- Environment and sustainability
- Construction safety
When will a Value conflict arises?
- A choice has to be made between at least two options for which at least two values are relevant as choice criteria,
- At least two different values select at least two different options as best,
- And the values do not trump each other.
What is Trumping (of values)?
Which five ways of evaluation for dealing with Value Trade-off can take place?
- Cost-benefit analysis
- Multiple criteria analysis
- The determination of Thresholds for a design criteria
- Reasoning about values
- The search for new technical solutions (Value Sensitive Design)
How are the the values weighted in Cost-benefit analysis and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Advantage; options are made comparable
Disadvantage; values are treated as commensurable, may be difficult to adequately express all relevant (moral) concerns in monetary terms
How are the the values weighted in Multiple criteria analysis and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Adventage; options are made comparable
Disadvantage; value are treated as commensurable, results depnds on measurment scale
How are the the values weighted in Thresholds and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Advantage; the selected alternatives meet the thresholds, no direct trade-off between the criteria
Disadvantage; can thresholds be determined independently from each other, less achieved than possible
How are the the values weighted in Reasoning and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Advantage; might solve value conflict by reason and judgement
Disadvantage; not all value conflict can be solved this way
How are the the values weighted in Value Sensitive Design and what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Advantage; can lead to alternatives that are clearly better than all of the present alternatives
Disadvantage; does not solve the choice problem in many cases
What is Regulatory Framework?
What is Radical design?
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