Europe's revolutions: freedom and consumption for all? - Between the Alps and the Mediterrannean, between the Estruscan and the Greek worlds: the expansion of the early Romans

14 important questions on Europe's revolutions: freedom and consumption for all? - Between the Alps and the Mediterrannean, between the Estruscan and the Greek worlds: the expansion of the early Romans

There are now called Latins. Where did they came from and did they speak?

In the 22th century BC, tribes spreaking an Indo-European language, which probably came from the Near East of central Asia that settled in the centre of the Italian peninsula.

What was the result of the wealth of the Estruscans?

Their power was a result of their wealth, which was based on trade in metalwork and pottery; the quality of their craftsmanship was such that their products were in great demand all over the Mediterranean.

How did the legendary 'seven hills' served?

Probably as places where the population of the valley sought protection when they were attacked.
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What is the Senate and who were the people that were a member of the Senate?

An advisory board; the local aristocracy.

Where was the power of the patricians (aristocrats) based on?

On property ownership; as 'patrons' they relied on the backing of their 'clients' (=a group of dependent farmers).

How was the remaining population of free citizens known?

As plebeians (=traders, artisans).

When did Rome became an oligarchic republic and who ruled it?

In 509, ruled by 2 magistrates/consuls, chosen annually from the ranks of the patricians who, assembled in the Senate, now formed the republic's new governing body.

How did the powerful nobles (administrators) continued their oligarchic government?

Trough their experience in and monopolization of bureaucracy, manipulating the electorate with all available means.

What was the use of expansionist politics and creating foreign enemies?

It were instruments used to avert internal tensions by providing the population with an external challenge.
War was also a way for the Roman elite and sometimes for ordinary men, too, to achieve fame, wealth, status and thus power.

What resulted in a conflict with the rich and powerful trading city of Carthage and who won?

Rome's southward expansion, Rome won.

What was partly a result of the esteem in which the Roman elite held Greek culture?

The Greek cities retained a measure of internal autonomy.

What was the condition for the local Greek elites if they wanted to keep their power?

They had to met Rome's military, fiscal and cultural requirements.

Name two reasons for the mushrooming population of Rome at a spectacular rate.

1. Increasing number of slaves.
2. More and more people migrated to the Urbs in search of fame and fortune, including many impoverished Italian farmers.

What had put an enormous financial burden upon the state, which prompted more wars to increase the number of people who could be forced to make financial contributions to the empire in 58 BC?

Free distribution of food.

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