The EU as an international political actor (EPC & Common Foreign and Security Policy)
18 important questions on The EU as an international political actor (EPC & Common Foreign and Security Policy)
Describe the origins of the EPC:
EPC is conceived at The Hague Summit (December 69), formally created by:
- Davignon Report (70) and its main institution:
- European Council is created in 74.
EPC as a mechanism of diplomatic agreement:
- Davignon Report, 1970.
- Copenhagen Report, 1973.
- London Report, 1981.
Describe the characteristics of the reports:
- Davignon Report, 1970 > Cooperation.
- Copenhagen Report, 1973. > Concertation.
- London Report, 1981. > Coordination.
SEA, 1987 > Title III, “The Member States shall endeavour jointly to formulate and implement a European Foreign policy”.
27/10/70 – Heads of State Summit in Luxembourg in which FA ministers present the conclusions of Davignon Report:
Describe the origins of European Political Cooperation. What were the three goals?
- Community of information.
- Community of vision.
- Community of action.
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Copenhagen Report, 1973. The Foreign Affairs Ministers of the nine countries meet in Copenhagen to present a second report about the European Political Cooperation. What are the five topics that are discussed?
- Need to strengthen the agreement in FA topics.
- The embassies of the MS are associated to EPC.
- Coreu within each FA Ministry.
- 3 first Working Groups: Middle East, Mediterranean and Asia.
- “Europe now needs to establish its position in the world as a distinct entity, especially in international negotiations which are likely to have a decisive influence on the international equilibrium and on the future of the European Community”.
In 1981 the Foreign Affairs ministers meet in London to present the third report about the EPC. What is concluded in the third report?
- Need for a flexible and pragmatic approach.
- Need to consult with the rest of MS.
- Introducing Gymnich-type meetings.
- Creation of the Troika as well as a small Secretariat.
- “At present most of the efforts of political cooperation are devoted to reacting to world events as they occur. In future, the Political Committee may wish to take a longer-term approach to certain problems, and to institute studies to that end”.
EPC - structure and functioning. Describe the structure of the EPC in 5 levels:
- European Council.
- FA Ministerial meetings.
- Political Committee.
- Working Groups.
- Coreu.
Describe the tools of the EPC:
- Declaratory diplomacy (declarations & “démarches”).
- Positive/negative structure of financial incentives through EEC.
- No military tools.
- “Economic giant– political dwarf– military worm”, Mark Eyskens, Belgian FA Minister.
CFSP and TEU, 1993.
Maastricht Treaty – Title V (“Provisions on a Common and Foreign Security Policy”).
- Tools: Common positions (art. J.2) and Joint actions (art. J.3).
Describe the institutions:
- Presidency of the European Union and external representation.
- European Council and the Council of EU guiding.
- Defining and implementing.
- EP and recommendations.
- European Commission.
CFSP and Amsterdam Treaty, 1997.
The European Union shall pursue its objectives in CFSP by:
- Defining the principles of and general guidelines for the CFSP.
- Deciding on common strategies.
- Adopting join actions and common positions.
- Strengthening systematic cooperation between MS.
- ESDP is officially included at the Treaty.
- EU undertakes the Petersberg missions (art. 17).
- Political Committee is substituted by a Political and Security Committee (PSC) (art.25).
What treaty is described here?
- Pillars the structure is eliminated and CFSP is part of the EU, but “under specific norms and processes”.
- Creation figure High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.
- Creation European External Action Service (EEAS).
- President of European Council external representation.
What treaty is described here?
CFSP tools.
The European Union External Action uses 3 kinds of tools. Describe those tools:
- Diplomatic.
- Economic.
- Military.
CSFP institutional framework.
Council EU: defines and implements CFSP, through the Foreign Affairs Council (chaired by High Representative).
What are the competencies?
- Decides over the proposals submitted by Member States and HR.
- Adopts decisions to establish common positions.
- Joint actions.
- Concludes agreements with one or more States or international organisations.
- Appointment of Special Representatives. That decide when expenditures arising from operations having military or defence implications won't be charged to the Union Budget.
CFSP institutional Framework.
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Frederica Mogherini). What is the main task?
What are the main functions of the Foreign Affairs and Security Policy?
- Make proposals about CFSP and implement its decisions.
- Represent the Union for matters relating to the CFSP and conduct a political dialogue.
- As Vice-president of the Commission, provide coordination and effectiveness to EU External Relations.
- Coordination of Member States in international organizations.
- Relations with the European Parliament.
- Manage EU delegations.
Describe the marginal role of two other institutions:
- Commission.
- European Parliament.
- Commission. > Proposes economic and financial restrictive measures.
- European Parliament. > Right to be consulted by the HR.
CFSP institutional Framework. Describe two sources of CFSP funding:
- EU Budget.
- Member States contributions.
CDSP in Lisbon Treaty.
What are the three core decisions made in the Lisbon Treaty concerning CDSP?
- Mutual assistance clause.
- Decisions made by the Council of EU by unanimity.
- Council of EU may entrust the execution of a task to a group of Member States.
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