The European Communities
18 important questions on The European Communities
Describe the chronological order of the most important events in this chapter (5):
- Jean Monnet and the Schuman Plan, 1950.
- Paris Treaty, 1951: ECSC.
- Rome Treaties, 1957: EEC and Euratom.
- EFTA, 1959: The British Alternative.
- The Pleven Plan, 1950.
There will be no peace in Europe if the States rebuild themselves on the basis of national sovereignty, with its implications of prestige politics and economic protection…. The countries of Europe are not strong enough individually to be able to guarantee prosperity and social development for their peoples. The States of Europe must therefore form a federation or a European entity that would make them into a common economic unit.”
What plan is described here?
What was Robert Schuman's profession?
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What proposal drafter Robert Schuman in collaboration with Monet in 1950?
- Schuman Declaration, 1950.
Proposal for the creation of a High Common Authority that will control the Franco-German production of coal and steel. "Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity".
"Resolved to substitute for historic rivalries a fusion of their essential interests; to establish, by creating an economic community, the foundation of a broad and independent community among peoples long divided by bloody conflicts".
This tekst is a preamble for:
What is the technical aspect of the ECSC (art 4.)?
- Abolishing internal tariffs, quantitative restrictions to import-export, state subsidies etc.
Rome treaties: EEC and Eurotom. In what year established?
What did the BENELUX countries propose through the BENELUX Memorandum in 1955?
- Economic Community based on a common market.
BENELUX countries pretended to relaunch the European construction process by proposing an Economic Community based on a common market and a sectoral approach in transports and energy (including atomic).
In 1956 the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) begins in Brussels to draft two separate treaties. What are those treaties?
- Common Market.
- Atomic Energy Community.
When was the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) established?
- Signature of teh Stockholm Convention.
What was created in 1994 to establish a Single European Market?
- EU member states + EFTA countries.
What countries are currently (2019/2020) in the EFTA? 1959
- Withdrawals from:
- United Kingdom.
- Denmark.
- Portugal.
- Austria.
- Sweden.
- Finland.
What is the proposal of the Pleven Plan of 1950?
- European Defence Community.
Which countries reacted negatively towards the Pleven Plan of 1950?
- The USA.
- French Public Opinion.
- GFR Public Opinion.
- BENELUX.
Pleven Plan 1950. What were the two simultaneous negotiations that began during that time?
- Bonn: German military participation at NATO.
- Paris: Negotiations to create EDC.
European Defence Community. What are the main characteristics of the EDC?
- Institutions (art 8.): Some shared with ECSC (Assembly Court) others are not (Council of Ministers, Commission).
- Common armed forces: Half a million soldiers under SACEUR command (art. 10, 11 and 18).
- Common budget (art. 86).
- Collective Defence clause (art. 2).
- EDC Parliamentary Assembly should present proposals for the creation of a new European Defence Assembly (art. 38).
The creation of a new European Defence Assembly elected by universal suffrage, as well as, proposals for the creation of a European federal structure (European Political Community - EPC).
European Political Community (EPC). 1953, a draft of an EPC is presented. What does it include?
- EPC will create a supranational European community (art. 1).
- Two chambers (Parliament and Senate) with the same legislative powers (art. 11).
- Executive European Council (art. 28).
- Council of Ministers (art. 35).
- Court of Justice (art. 38).
When does the French denial of the EDC start and under which Prime minister?
- 1954.
- Under Prime Minister Pierre Mendes.
Under Pierre Mendes, France has a more nationalistic Foreign policy.
French public opinion is against EDC.
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