The Gaullist re-interpretation of the European Communities
9 important questions on The Gaullist re-interpretation of the European Communities
De Gaulle and European Communities. Describe the common thread during this period:
- The Fouchet Plans (1961, 1962): Political Europe and intergovernmentalism.
- French veto to British membership (1963, 1967).
- The empty chair crisis and Luxembourg agreement (1966).
Describe a few characteristics of the Frech Foreign Policy during this time:
- Utilitarian Europeism.
- "European" Europeanism (no Atlantism).
- No deepening European integration with supranational institutions.
- Franco-German axis key for European cooperation.
De Gaulle returns to the French presidency in 1958. Heads of State summit of the Six Member States (Bonn-1961). Establishment of the research committee lead by Christian Fouchet. What did the research committee study?
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Christian Fouchet, French Foreign Affairs minister.
What was included in the Second Draft of the Fouchet Plan?
- New competences on economic affairs.
- Institutions: Council will be annually accountable to the European Parliament.
The Fouchet Plans. Other 5 states from the Little Europe propose a Federalist version of this Treaty for a European Political Union. Instead of a "Union of States", they propose a:
No agreement: “The French plan is based on the old idea of a treaty between States, an Alliance of Europe of Nations. Our point of view is that this plan should be rejected, but we could make concessions if Great Britain is interested in it” (Luns, Dutch FA minister).
After what proposal comes this reaction?
Why is France against the UK adhesion to the European Council?
- Anglo-Saxon hegemony.
- Preserve Franco-German engine.
Describe the chronological timeline of the French veto to the UK's adhesion to the European Council:
- 1961-63: first British negotiations to EC adhesion. France vetoes for the first timeBritish adhesion.
- 1967: UK renews its application and France uses the same reasons as for the first veto, including monetary doubts. France proposes a partnership agreement with UK.
- 1969: first changes of French position regarding British adhesion: (1) GFR is more politically “mature” regarding its Foreign Policy; (2) De Gaulle substituted by Georges Pompidou.
- 1970: the beginning of negotiations for the adhesion of UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway. In 1973 all accede European Communities except for Norway.
De Gaulle worried by some institutional developments at the Communities and upset by the refusal of the Fouchet Plans:
- 08/04/65: Treaty merging the executive bodies of the 3 Communities.
- Against strengthening the European Parliament / Oversized European Commission.
- Against the extension of the QMV at the Council.
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