Historical evolution of the European Union: from WWII to Brexit
8 important questions on Historical evolution of the European Union: from WWII to Brexit
Name the four institutions of the European Economic Community from 1957:
- The Commission (replaced the High Authority).
- The Council of Ministers.
- The Assembly (as of 1962 the European Parliament).
- Would eventually be directly elected by the people. - The Court of Justice.
- The law must be observed for the interpretation and observation of the treaties.
Deepening of the European Integration.
Treaty development resulted in:
Development of policy processes. Name the three most important developments of the policy processes:
- Decision-making has become more democratic: the growing power of the European Parliament.
- Decision-making has become more efficient (example: Council of the EU has come to vote less on the basis of unanimity).
- A new institution with mainly an agenda-setting role has been added: the European Council (regular meeting of the heads of government of the member states).
Describe the development of the three most important treaties concerning the economic integration of the EU:
- Coal and Steel only (1951).
- Nuclear energy, free trade and customs union (1957).
- Common market (1986).
- Establishing common standards for products.
- Liberalizing national economies (breaking up of monopolies).
- Preventing governments from subsidizing domestic industries.
- Increasing EU attention for employment, environment, consumer protection, working conditions, research, higher and professional education etc.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What do the European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) entail?
- Combatting social and regional inequalities that reduce economic growth.
Development of policies.
To a monetary policy, Economic and Monetary Union, late 1980s, adoption of a common currency, the Euro, in 1999.
Another development occurred in the 1990s. Describe this development:
- Increasing role in foreign and security policy, defence policy and justice and home affairs.
Widening of European Integration.
Widening (also called horizontal integration) = geographical spread due to accession of new member states.
Widening from 6 to 28 (now 27) Member States has occurred through consecutive enlargement rounds.
The widening of the EU also has a lot of impact. Describe 8 points of impact that the enlargements had to tackle:
- The growing size of EU institutions.
- More differentiation in policy-making procedures.
- Axis of Germany and France have become less important.
- New members bring new requirements, preferences and problems.
- The growing power of the EU.
- The introduction of the Copenhagen criteria in 1993.
After gaining their independence in 1989-1990 following the collapse of communism, most CEECs were soon openly expressing the hope that as the established liberal democratic and market-based systems the way would be eased for their accession to the EU.
In 1993 the Copenhagen criteria were enlisted. Name in short the 7 criteria:
- Democracy.
- Rule of law.
- Human rights.
- Protection of minorities.
- Market economy.
- Capacity to cope with competition in the EU.
- Willingness and ability to adapt the acquis communautaire (EU laws and policies).
From reluctance to application of the UK.
- 1958-1969: Seeking membership of the EEC.
Name three arguments why the UK sought membership in these years.
- 1969: The start of the negotiations that resulted in Britain's accession in 1973.
- The UK realized it was no longer a world power of the first rank.
- The relationship with the USA had changed.
- The Community was providing to be a success and the UK faced declining trade with the Commonwealth.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
