Crane & Matten, 2010 - The role of ethical theory - Western modernist ethical theories

5 important questions on Crane & Matten, 2010 - The role of ethical theory - Western modernist ethical theories

One problem regarded with utilitarianism is the subjectivity problem, assessing consequences as pleasure or pain might depend heavily on the subjective perspective of the person who carries out the analysis, what distinction is an answer to this problem?

The distinction between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism:
  1. Act utilitarianism: whether a single act is right or wrong depends on the amount of common good it produces;
  2. Rule utilitarianism: focuses on creating rules that produce the most common good.

What do principle-based theories prioritize when it comes to determining whether something is right?

They look at the desirability of principles and based on these principles deduce a 'duty' to act accordingly in a situation - regardless of the consequences.

What are the two main types of principle-based ethical theories that have been traditionally applied to business ethics?

  • Ethics of duties
  • Ethics of rights and justice
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What is in business ethics, the most influential theory to come from the perspective of ethics of duty? And which philosopher's work does this derive from?

Kantianism, work of Immanuel Kant

What is the definition of Kant's categorical imperative? Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Act only according to that maxim (principle or rule) by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

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