Approaches in Evaluation - Goal-oriented approaches - Critical points goal-oriented appr

4 important questions on Approaches in Evaluation - Goal-oriented approaches - Critical points goal-oriented appr

What is the 2nd critical point of goal-based evaluation approaches?

Goal-based approaches are not in themselves helpful in making recommendations about how to improve performance.
Goal-based evaluations deliver descriptive statements about whether goals are met, but since they are often weak on causal attribution., they are difficult to use in a formative way.

What is the 3d critical point of goal-based evaluation approaches?

Side effects are ignored in goal-oriented approaches (Vedung 1997).
According to Beck (1994): with uncertain technologies, complex organizations, most public interventions have a number of side effects on other interventions as well as on the lives of citizens.

What is the 4th critical point of goal-based evaluation approaches?

Strict monitoring to the outcomes often leads to a serious change in the activities under evaluation. Constitutive effects is a conceptual term which describes social realities that emerge when human beings react to outcome measures as of they were goals in themselves for example teachers teaching to the test.
Evaluation literature has coined the term ''performance paradox'' (Van Thiel and Leeuw 2002) to describe situations in which more outcome measurement leads to everything but better performance but goal displacements and unintended effects of evaluation for example low performing pupils may be given less attention or transferred to other institutions.
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What is the 5th critical point of goal-based evaluation approaches?

Outcome measures do not often meet the requirements of a genuinely goal-oriented approach. What appears as a 'goal-oriented approach to evaluation' is in fact often political goal-setting disguised under a dense fog of measurement jargon.

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