Explaining deep-seated fears
6 important questions on Explaining deep-seated fears
What is deontology and consequentialism? And what are the consequences of the latter on how to perceive science?
- Deontology
There are some forbidden actions and some obligatory actions
E.g. it is alway wrong to kill - Consequentialism
There are no absolute rules, everything depends on its consequences.
This also means that when science agrees largely on a topic, we should follow that as well, where in cases where there is more uncertainty, then our opinions can vary more.
But we are not rational animals, so we will think a lot of different things:
What are four examples of beneficial technologies that people tend to oppose?
Golden rice - more vitamin A which helps eye sight
Nuclear power - good green energy source
Vaccines - best way to prevent spread of diseases
What is the illusion of understanding and how does it affect people's position on GMOs?
However when you ask them to describe something in detail, they will reconsider and reevaluate their own level of knowledge. If you then provide them with more information they will reevaluate again.
Fernbach et al has shown that:
- Strongly opposed to GMOs --> think they know the most
- People with the least amount of information --> most opposed.
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What does it mean that we are bad at counterfactual thinking? Use vaccines as an example.
It is beause it works well that we forget about the benefits: because they work we do not see people dying if they had not gotten it.
We are bad at understanding how it would have been if it had not been like this.
What are three reasons that our brains are not fit for science?
- We love anecdotes and cannot help to generalise from them.
- Our brains do not comprehend that cumulative results of statistics is better information than one anecdote.
- We do not grasp that there is an incentive to prove someone wrong.
What importance do people give to the intentions vs the efficiency of a policy? And how can natural selection explain this?
- Marie, Trad, and Strickland: Across different setups, the altuistic option was never preferred under the selfish one.
Why?
- We like people who have the right values, because we can work together with them: they wont stab us in the back or shit in the river.
- Teaming up with the wrong person has bigger consequences than teaming up with someone who does not always succeed.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
