Summary: Exam 2: Chapter 23-25

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• 1 Exam 2: Chapter 23-25

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• What do fungal bodies consist of?

  Slender threads. Most are multicellular.

• What are the body of a fungus and its threads called?

  The body of a fungi is called a mycelium and its threads are called hyphae

• How do fungi grow?

  Fungi cannot move but they grow rapidly in any direction with a suitable environment including dry, dark, or moist areas.

• What are some of the ways fungi get nutrients from other organisms?

  Fungi secrete enzymes outside of their bodies and absorb digested nutrients from particles broken down. They feed on dead material. They can use parasitism to absorb nutrients from cells of their hosts. They can live in mutual relationships with other organisms. They can even be predators and consume living organisms!

• How do fungi reproduce?

  They use spores that are dispersed by animals or air currents.

• How to fungi trap nematodes?

  When one of the nematodes passes through a donut-shaped structure in the fungus' hyphae. The worm is trapped and dies and the fungi take the nutrients from the dead worm.

• How do fungi reproduce asexually?

  They produce genetically identical clones in large numbers.

• How do fungi reproduce sexually?

  Two different hyphae fuse so that the nuclei are in a common cell. They form a diploid zygote. The zygote uses meiosis to form haploid spores. Spores germinate into mycelium.

• What are the five phyla of fungi? (From oldest to youngest)

  • Chytridomycota (Chytrids) 
  • Zygomycota (Zygomycetes) 
  • Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes) 
  • Basidiomycota (Basidomycetes)
  • Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)

• Chytrids (Water Molds)

  • Most are aquatic with flagella 
  • Reproduce both sexually and asexually 
  • feed on dead aquatic material (dead fungi, dead plants, dead protists, dead bacteria)