Summary: Examenvragen Research

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• When is something scientifically proven?

  Something is scientifically proven when something has a univocal and identifiable cause. It is structured, clear and objective. Prediction and control. There is no change and paradox allowed. Check if it is true or not true?

• Explain: Academic/scientific - Industry/sector - Company?

  If you are academic or scientific researcher you need to look at peer reviewed publications > for everyone. If you work for an industry or sector you need to look managerial, to do it in practice and publications research and if you are researching for a company you make an advice report.

• What is the difference between reductionism and interpretivist?

  Reductionism (positivism) is about objectivity and scientific methods. It is rational (measurable) and most research is with numbers and statistics. People use simple models to do this >> hypermodern >> marketing 
  
  Interprevist is the other way around. It's more about subjectivity and emotion/intuition. It's more about context and social sciences. All research is welcome, which makes it more complex. >> postmodern >> branding 

• If you need to connect 'approximable' analysis and 'complex' analysis to reductionism and interpretivism, how do they connect?

  Approximable (benaderbaar) = scientific methods from natural science = reductionism
  Descriptive/interpretive methods are more complex = interpretive 

• Explain the reductionism/interpretivism list?

  Reductionism/positivism - Interpretivism
  Biggotism                           - Anarchism 
  Hypermodern                     - Postmodern
  Marketing                           - Branding
  Approximable                    - Complex
  Deductive                           - Inductive 
  Quantitive                          - Qualitative 

• What is the difference between a management issue and an informational issue?

  A management issue is a problem from a manager's perspective. it's an existing situation which you want to turn into an idea situation. the informational issue is  more about the research questions to make it to the idea situation.

• Why would 'objectivity and generalizability'(research) not be present in a interpretive research?

  Objective research is all about scientifically proven research. it is quantitative research with statistics. You will not find that in interpretive research where it is about the context and emotion, with different meanings. Also with generaliazability you look at one type of research, when with interpretive research you look at different people, different meanings and not one way to do it.

• What is deductive and inductive?

  A deductive approach is when you start with a model and then test your hypotheses and do further research following the model. Inductive is when you start with collecting all kinds of data in a broader way and then analyse it. From the analysis you can develop your conceptual framework. 
  
  Deductive = proven
  Inductie = non proven 

• What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

  Qualitative research is understanding the meaning of people give to the events, situations and experiences and actions they are involved in, understanding the particular context and develop explanations. Quantitative research is really about numbers and statistics. more objective. here you test the hypotheses or theories. it is less detailed.

• What is the difference between positivism and interpetivism?

  Positivism is the same as reductionism, so it is about science methods and numbers. Interpretivism is about the context. When you ask: Will God exists? It is an open question and everybody has different meanings.