Summary: Excersises

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• 1 Martina Smit Endo

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• The hypothalamic-pituitary system is characterized by (negative) feedback mechanisms, except for:a.           cortisolb.           insulinc.           3,5,3-triiodthyronined.           Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)

  Insulin

• Synthesis of peptide analogues does not include:a.           increased stability b.           increased structure-activity relationship (SAR)c.           reduced biological activityd.           replacement of D-amino acids 

  Reduced biological activity

• Which statement about the growth hormone (GH) receptor signaling is correct?a.           GH receptor signaling is mediated via JAK-Stat and leads to IGF-1 productionb.           GH receptor signaling is mediated via Ras and leads to IGF-1 productionc.           GH receptor signaling is identical to the GHRH signalingd.           GH receptor signaling is identical to the Somatostatin receptor signaling  

  GH receptor signaling is mediated via JAK-Stat and leads to IGF-1 production

• What is the most likely condition associated with acromegaly?a.  hypothyroidismb.  Osteoporosec.   Hypophyseal diabetesd.  pancreatic cancer

  Hypophyseal diabetes

• Ca2+ mimetic drugs (cinacalcet) are used in patients with:primary hypoparathyroidismosteomalaciaosteoporosissecondary hyperparathyroidism (renal osteodystrophy)

  Secondary hyperparathyroidism (renal osteodystrophy)

• What is denosumab:recombinant parathyroid hormoneanti-RANKL antibodyrecombinant osteoprotegerinean allosteric calcium agonist

  Anti-RANKL antibody

•  Parathyroid hormone increases the blood Ca2+ concentration by:a.  stimulation of receptors on cells of the parathyroid glandb.  inhibition of osteoclast activityc.   reduced phosphate excretion by the kidneyd.  increased formation of active vitamin D (calcitriol)

  Increased formation of active vitamin D (calcitriol)

• The favourable effect of etidronic acid (a bisphosphonate) when used to treat osteoporosis is based on:a.  increasing osteoprotegerin production by osteoblastsb.  apoptosis of osteoclastsc.   increasing differentiation of precursor cells into osteoblastsd.  inhibition of cytokines that promote osteoclast differentiation

  Apoptosis of osteoclasts

• T3 :a. induces exophthalmos (eye disorder associated with Graves’ disease)b. is the preferred treatment for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (primary hypothyroidism)c. is a prohormoned. has the weakest binding to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)

  Has the weakest binding to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)

• Carbimazole (thiourea derivative) induces rapid inhibition of:a.    thyroid hormone release to the bloodstreamb. thyroid hormone synthesisc. conversion of T4 into T3d.   conversion of T4 into reverse T3

  Thyroid hormone synthesis