Gosens Respiratory
18 important questions on Gosens Respiratory
Cholera toxin induces increased fluid secretion in diarrhea by:
a. chronic elevation of intracellular Ca2 + through irreversible activation of Gq
b. chronic inactivation of cAMP production by irreversible activation of Gi
c. chronic activation of cAMP production by irreversible activation of Gs
Which of the following are NOT suitable for the treatment of reflux disease?
a. anticholinergics
b. proton pump inhibitors
c. dopamine D2 antagonists
In motion sickness, the following anti-histamines are preferred:
a. classic H1 antihistamines, such as e.g. promethazine
second generation (non-sedating)
b. H1 antihistamines, such as e.g. loratidine
c. H2 antihistamines, such as cimetidine
second generation (non-sedating)
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Mepoluzimab:
a. Is an IgE antibody used for the treatment of asthma.
b. Is an IL4R antagonist used to treat asthma.
c. Is an IL5 antagonist used to treat asthma
Chronic airway inflammation in COPD is characterized in particular by the presence of:
a. eosinophils and neutrophil granulocytes
b. mast cells and macrophages
c. neutrophils and macrophages
4. In May 2021, a 14 year old girl presents at the doctor with symptoms of nasal congestion and sneezing. The doctor tests her blood IgE and finds strongly elevated IgE for grass pollen. Which of the following therapies would you recommend as a first choice?
· a. Mometasone inhalation therapy
· b. Oxymethazoline nasal spray
· c. Loratidine tablets
· d. Cromoglycate nasal spray
The effect of codeine on cough has been attributed to:
a. Inhibition of the cough stimulus by an inhibitory effect on afferent sensory nerves via TRPA1 receptors
b. inhibition of mucus secretion in the airways via µ-opioid receptors
c. inhibition of CNS cough via µ-opioid receptors
d. a local anesthetic effect.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can cause a cough by:
a. inhibition of bradykinin breakdown.
b. damage to the airway epithelium.
c. stimulation of sensory nerves in the airway wall.
d. promoting angiotensin I mediated cough.
Bromhexine reduces cough complaints by:
a. increased watery secretion through gastric reflex.
b. reduced stimulation of sensory nerve endings.
c. thinning of mucus by cleavage of mucopolysaccharides.
d. protection of the mucosal surface.
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of beta2-agonists:
a. Tremor
b. Increased heart rate.
c. Lower diastolic blood pressure.
d. Edema.
Which of the following neurotransmitters does NOT regulate airway smooth muscle contraction or relaxation?
a. Acetylcholine
b. Neurokinin A
c. Substance P
d. VIP
Open question:
a. Explain why it is beneficial in allergic asthma to combine an inhaled corticosteroid with a β2 agonist (2 points).
b. Why are patients with mild asthma preferably treated with a short-acting β2 agonist rather than a leukotriene receptor antagonist? Explain this from the molecular mode of action of the drugs (2 points).
c. Via which subtype of muscarinic receptor do long-acting anticholinergics such as tiotropium mainly work and which kinetic properties at the muscarinic receptors are involved in their mode of action
- Benefit: ICS reduce inflammation; β2 agonists provide rapid bronchodilation. Together, they offer both long-term control and immediate relief of asthma symptoms.
- β2 Agonist: Provides quick relief by relaxing bronchial muscles.
- Leukotriene Antagonist: Works over time to reduce inflammation but does not provide immediate symptom relief.
- Receptor Subtype: M3 muscarinic receptors.
The late asthmatic reaction is characterized mainly by the recruitment of:
a. Dendritic cells
b. ILC2 cells
c. Eosinophils
d. Mast cells
The main function of the M2 receptor in the airways is:
a. Inhibition of acetylcholine release via presynaptic muscarinic M2 receptors.
b. Contraction of airway smooth muscle.
c. Neurotransmission in the ganglia.
d. Activation of eosinophils via MBP.
In early asthma there is bronchoconstriction. Which cells is early asthma dependend of?
In late asthma respons there is inflammatory response, oedema and mucus secretion. Which cells is late asthma dependend of?
The use of cyclosporine in psoriasis is based on:
a. cytostasis of keratinocytes through an effect on the DNA
b. induction of an anti-allergic effect by inhibition of mast cells
c. inhibition of T cell proliferation by inhibition of IL-2 synthesis
Essay question
a. Name 3 drugs with which one can inhibit gastric acid secretion. Describe the molecular mechanisms of action of these agents.
b. Explain the harmful effect of oral glucocorticosteroids on the stomach wall. What is the full molecular mechanism here?
c. Explain the effect of antacids on peptic ulcer.
d. Give a rough description of how opiates lead to constipation.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): block acid production.
• H2 receptor antagonists: reduce acid secretion.
• Antacids: neutralize existing acid.
b. Harmful effect of oral glucocorticosteroids on stomach:
• Disrupts mucus barrier
• Decreases prostaglandin production
• Increases acid secretion
c. Effect of antacids on peptic ulcer:
• Neutralize excess stomach acid
• Provide relief from ulcer pain
d. Opiates and constipation:
• Slow gut motility
• Decrease intestinal secretions
• Increase fluid absorption.
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