Martina Smit Endo

6 important questions on Martina Smit Endo

Which of the following statements is correct?
One of the ways in which cyproterone acetate exerts an anti-androgenic effect is through:
  1. stimulation of 5α-reductase
  2. inhibition of LH secretion
  3. stimulation of aromatase
  4. inhibition of glucocorticosteroid synthesis

Inhibition of LH secretion

What is raloxifen: :
  1. anti-progesterone used to terminate pregnancy
  2. anti-oestrogen used to treat infertility
  3. a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
  4. an selective oestrogen receptor modulator used to treat osteoporosis

An selective oestrogen receptor modulator used to treat osteoporosis

Clomiphene acts primarily by:
  1. a reduction in dihydrotestosterone
  2. a disinhibition of the GnRH secretion
  3. a reduction in FHS and LH secretion
  4. an induction of LH receptors

Disinhibition of the GnRH secretion
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Danazol acts primarily by:
a. activation of central PG receptors and reduction of FSH and LH
b. inhibition of central PG receptors and reduction in FSH and LH
c. induction of ovulation
d. mimicking the action of the GnRH analogue hormone triptorelin

Inhibition of central PG receptors and reduction in FSH and LH

Which of the following hormones is not shown below?
a. Testosterone
b. Aldosterone
c. Cortisol
d. progesterone

a. Testosterone = 4
b. Aldosterone  = 2 without the OH
c. Cortisol = 2
d. Progesterone = 3

Recapitulate the causes of hyperthyroidism. (2 points) Please summarize the metabolic effects (at least 3) of thyroid hormones. (2 points) Name the five classes of drugs used for pharmacotherapy. (2 points) What is the difference between propylthiouracil, carbimazol and methamizol. Explain their mode of action. (2 points) Please also indicate if these drugs can cross the placental barrier? (2 points)

Causes of Hyperthyroidism:
  1. Graves' disease
  2. Thyroid nodules
  3. Thyroiditis
  4. Excessive iodine intake
  5. Certain medications
Metabolic Effects of Thyroid Hormones:
  1. Increases basal metabolic rate
  2. Enhances protein breakdown
  3. Stimulates fat breakdown
Five Drug Classes for Hyperthyroidism:
  1. Thionamides (e.g., PTU, methimazole)
  2. Iodine compounds
  3. Beta-blockers
  4. Radioactive iodine
  5. Surgery
Differences Between PTU, Carbimazole, and Methimazole:
  • Propylthiouracil (PTU): Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and T4 to T3 conversion. Crosses placenta but less risky early in pregnancy.
  • Carbimazole: Pro-drug of methimazole, inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis. Crosses placenta.
  • Methimazole: Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis. Crosses placenta, higher risk in early pregnancy.
Placental Barrier: All three cross the placental barrier; PTU is preferred in early pregnancy.

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