Sunday: various places - Skaftafell

7 important questions on Sunday: various places - Skaftafell

Glacier retreat has influence on infrastructure. How?

Bridge has become obsolute, since main Q from glacier goes via channel at the other end. Made a separate road beside bridge.

Hillslope: tip of skinafell jokull. As glacier is meltin, you cannot go there. Main risk area, bc main rock face is showing signs of failure. Would be a massive rockfall that would take part of the glacier and take part of road 1. This occurs at more places in Iceland, sometimes even causing tsunamis.

Do not entirely know when/what will cause the collapse.

Geology lecture Roel

Grey/black material that is basalt
- previous point: polygons/columns
- here: gas bubbles in basalt, pore flow when gas bubbles are connected. How to check if permeable/ Throw it in water and see if air comes out. Yes > it is permeable.

Rhyolite: Brown/yellow as well, much lighter. More feldspars and silica and CO2 (left side of graph).
Source: red/yellow/green rock in the back. This means source situation in magma chamber was different.
Rock outcrops (typical): ?
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Black snout of glacier - what is that?

glacier contains sediments, ice melts and leaves only sediments resulting in a black snout

Dunes of sediment: front moraines of glaciers that is retreating and leaves sediments - ridges (like Utrechtse Heuvelrug)

Related to glacial search of a couple of decades ago.

Glacier tongue has a pretty constant flow velocity. Snout is pretty constant at some point in landscape and gradually retreats.
Glacial search = accelerating glacier movement to the front that could cause a ridge in the landscape as well. Connection with the subsurface decreases during accelerated movement. Like a landslide but with ice, which also pushes a lot of material to the front. Then the glacier stops and retreats and gets thinner due to glacial search.

River: dikes are used - not fully undisturbed river systems. Cross bars on dike are also created, why?

To avoid the river destroying the dike, it will first have to erode the cross bars first.
Also push water towards previous bridge to prevent road destruction.

Would this be a good source for drinking water? Would you take it up- or downstream? Do they do that here?

Roels thinks so. Water upstream/downstream?
Does not matter. You may expect salt water in sediment close to sea. But the outflow of rain and glacier water us is so much, that good quality water is expected close to the ocean as well. Large amounts even.

Do they use it? Why? There are no people here.

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