Osteoporosis
26 important questions on Osteoporosis
What does bone lose with aging?
What are the three determinants of bone strength (e.g. fracture resistance)?
- amount of bone material
- quality of the bone material
- structural organisation of the bone material
Why do women are more susceptical to the effects of osteoporosis than men?
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Which cells are the major contributors to bone homeostasis?
- Osteoclasts
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Bone lining cells
Do osteoblasts and osteoclasts have the same lineage?
Name the difference between acute osteoporosis and chronic osteoporosis in terms of the bone formation/resorption balance.
Name two risk factors for osteoporosis.
- loss of estrogen (menopause)
- chronic low grade inflammation
What are the two key molecules regulating bone resorption?
- RANK-L
- OPG
Which of the four major cells in bone homeostasis can influence both bone formation and bone resorption?
Which cells sense mechanical load?
What kinds of mechanical loading are distinghuised by osteocytes?
What is the role of prostaglandins in bone biology?
What is the role of IL-6 in bone biology?
IL-6 is essential for osteoblast differentiation
but an excess directly stimulates osteoclasts.
Which inflammatory cytokines disrupt the mechanosensing signaling of osteocytes?
How can exercise reduce the effects of inflammatory cytokines on the bone homeostasis?
What does osteocalcin do in cells outside of the bone?
How do osteoblasts communicate with osteoclasts?
How does exercise affect bone remoddeling?
Explain the decreased sensitivity to mechanical loading in osteocytes by inflammation?
What makes Rheumatoid arthritis so hard to treat?
What can be said in about RANKL in active RA synovial tissue?
What is a good immune indicator of RA severity?
How can the effects of RA be somewhat blocked?
How effective are the medicines used to treat RA?
Why should you use the QCT over DEXA?
From what phase in the pathology of RA is ACPA?
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