Introductie in de exercise physiology

11 important questions on Introductie in de exercise physiology

How are muscle cells stimulated to start transcription and translation?

  • stretch sensitive Ca2+ channels
  • mechanical sensors in integrins/dystroglycans
  • NO channels

Which growth factors are Ca2+ reliant?

  • IGF-1
  • MGF

What kind of steroid does the muscle cell activate upon self activation?

Vitamin D
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The ER proteins are different than cytoplasmic proteins... What makes them different?

These proteins are packed in vessicles which can be shipped inside the cell (lysosome) or secreted outside the cell or attached to the cell (Receptors)

What happens to the endoplasmatic reticulum when it cannot handle 'stress'?

It activates the cascades that activate eIF2a (stop translation in ER) and activates caspase (apoptosis).

How likely is apoptosis by a muscle cell?

Not very likely, a muscle cell is highly nucleated and they will probably not shutdown all together.

What are the effects on IGF-1 and MGF and the differences in effect of eccentric, concentric and isometric contractions?

eccentric:  high IGF-1 mRNA, highest MGF mRNA
concentric: low IGF-1 mRNA, middle MGF mRNA
isometric:  high IGF-1 mRNA, high MGF mRNA

high Calcium also increases IGF-1 mRNA 

myostatin is most reduced after eccentric exercise

What is the effect of myostatin?

Myostatin inhibits the proliferation of myoblasts and satelite cells

On which cells do MGF act?

On satelite cells only!

What makes myostatin a potent therapeutical?

myostatin is muscle-made-only and has an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Myostatin can act in an paracrine and endocrine way which enables myostatin to elicit effects far from home.

What is the effect of HGF?

Proliferation of satellite cells and liver cells, it is activated by tissue damage (HGFA is released by muscles)

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