Introductie in de immunologie
20 important questions on Introductie in de immunologie
What is the role of the innate immune system in face of an attack?
- Pathogen recognition
- Activation of the adaptive immune system
- Pathogen elimination
Name three pathways that can induce complement activation:
- Alternative, pathogen surface creates environment conductive to complement
- Lectin, Mannose-binding lectine binds to pathogen surface
- Classical, CRP or antibody binds to specific antigen on pathogen surface
When the complement system is activated, C3 is cleaved into C3a and C3b. What are the roles of C3a and C3b?
C3b binds covalently to the pathogen, tagging the pathogen for elimination
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Explain the Classical pathway of complement activation.
- CPR with bound C1 binds C4, which is cleaved in C4a and C4b, C4b binding covalently to the pathogen surface.
- C4b binds C2, which is cleaved in C2a and C2b, C2a binds to C4b
- The molecule C4b2a binds C3 which is cleaved in C3a and C3b
- C3b binds covalently to the pathogen surface
Name three pathways that, activated by the complement system, lead to pathogen death:
- Recruitment of inflammatory cells by C3a and C5a
- Opsonization by macrophages which bind C3b with CR1
- Membrane complex that creates pores in bacteria
What are the different classes of pattern recognition receptors?
- Toll-like receptors
- C-type lectin receptors
- NOD-like receptors
- RIG-I-Like receptors
What can TLRs recognize
Inside: RNA structures
Which classes of pattern recognition receptors are located Inside the cell?
Where do immune cells originate from?
Which two types of cells are derived from the hematopoietic stem cels?
- common myeloid precursors
- common lymphoid precursors
The immune system has difference defence mechanisms against pathogens. Where can pathogens reside?
What kind of tissues are most often infected?
Give some functions and characteristics of the immune barriers.
- flow of mucus
- flow of air
- low pH
- antimicrobial peptides (epithelial cells)
- your own microbiota
Where does the innate immune system start?
Which complement pathway is first to act?
What is a 'lectin'?
What is the most abundant innate immune cell?
On what tissues/organs do the IL-1/IL-6/TNF-a ring alarm?
- Liver (make more complement!)
- bone marrow (The body wants you!)
- Hypothalamus (increase the heat boy)
- muscles (moree energy)
What are the differences between macrophages and dendritic cells?
Name 3 interferon responses in the NK killing
- neighbouring cells become more resistant to infection
- neighbouring cells become more visible to NK cells
- The infected cells will be killed
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