About Human Development - The study of human development - Basic concepts

26 important questions on About Human Development - The study of human development - Basic concepts

What are the cognitive developments in the prenatal period?

- being able to learn
- being able to remember
- being able to respond
to sensory stimuli

What are the psychosocial developments in the prenatal period?

The fetus responds to the mother's voice and develops a preference for it.

What are the physical developments in the infancy and toddlerhood period?

- all senses and body systems operate at birth in various degrees
- brain grows in complexity
- physical growth and motor skills
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What physical development is sensitive in the period of infancy and toddlerhood?

The brain is highly sensitive to environmental influences

What are the cognitive developments in the infancy and toddlerhood period?

- ability to learn and remember (even in early weeks)
- use of symbols and problem solving (start at the end of year 2)
- comprehension and use of language

What are the psychosocial developments in the infancy and toddlerhood period?

- attachments to parents form
- self-awareness develops
- shift from dependence to autonomy forms
- interest in other children increases

What are physical developments in the early childhood period?

- growth is steady: appearance more slender and proportions more adult-like
- less appetite and sleep problems common
- fine and gross motor skills
- strength inproves

What are cognitive developments in the early childhood period?

- thinking somewhat egocentric, understanding of other people grow.
-  immaturity results in illogical ideas about the world
- memory improves
- language improves
- intelligence more predictable

What are psychosocial developments in the early childhood period?

- self-concept and understanding of emotions become more complex
- self-esteem is global
- more independence, initiative, and self-control
- gender identity develops
- play becomes more imaginative, elaborate, and usually more social
- altruism, aggression, and fearfulness are common
- family still focus social life, but other children become more important

What are the physical developments in the middle childhood period?

- growth slows
- strength and athletic skills improve
- respiratory illnesses are common
- health better than at any other time in the life span

What are the cognitive developments in the middle childhood period?

- egocentrism diminishes
- thinking more logically but concretely
- memory and language improve
- benefitting from formal school
- some show special educational needs and strengths

What are the psychosocial developments in the middle childhood period?

- self-concept becomes more complex: affecting self-esteem
- coregulations reflect gradual shift control from parents to child
- peers assume central importance

What does the age period adolescence entail?

Ages 11 to about 20

What are physical developments in the adolescence period?

- physical growth and other changes are rapid and profound
- reproductive maturity occurs
- major health risks arise from behavioral issues: eating disorder/drug abuse

What are cognitive developments in the adolescence period?

- ability to think abstractly and using scientific reasoning
- immature thinking persists in some attitudes and behaviors
- education focuses on preparation college or work

What are psychosocial developments in the adolescence period?

- Search for identity: including sexual identity
- relationships with parents generally good
- peer group may exert a positive or negative influence

What does the age period emerging and young adulthood entail?

- ages 20 to 40

What are the physical developments in the emerging and young adulthood period?

- physical condition peaks then declines slighty
- lifestyle choices influence health

What are cognitive developments in the emerging and young adulthood period?

- thought and moral judgments become more complex
- educational and occupational choices are made sometimes after periods of exploration

What are psychosocial developments in the emerging and young adulthood period?

- personality traits and styles become relatively stable: but can be influenced by life stages and events
- intimate relationships and personal lifestyles are established but may not be lasting
- most marry and become parents

What are physical developments in the middle adulthood period?

The slow deterioration of:
- sensory abilities
- health
- stamina
- strength depends on the person

~woman experience menopause

What are cognitive developments in the middle adulthood period?

Mental abilities peak:
- expertise
- problem solving

- creative output may decline but improve in quality
- for some career success and earning powers peak
- for some burnout or career changes

What are psychosocial developments in the middle adulthood period?

- sense of identity continues
- midlife transition may occur
- dual responsibilities of caring for children and parents may cause stress
- launcing of children leaves empty nest

What are physical developments in the late adulthood period?

- most people are healthy and active
- health and physical abilities decline
- slowing of reaction time affects some aspects of functioning

What are cognitive developments in the adulthood period?

- most people mentally alert
- intelligence and memory may deteriorate in some areas: most people find ways to compensate

What are psychosocial developments in the late adulthood period?

- retirement from the workforce may offer new options for use of time
- develop more flexible strategies to cope with personal losses and impending death
- relationships with family and friends can provide important support
- Search for meaning in life assumes central importance

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