Summary: Fabiennesvhoorcolleges Adolescence

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• 1 Lecture 1 Introduction

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• What are some areas where adolescents might be treated differently from adults besides punishment?

  - Driving
  - Getting an abortion
  - Buying cigarettes
  - Seeing a psychologist
  - Other _______________

• From a biological perspective, when does adolescence begin and end?

  - Adolescence begins: Onset of puberty
  - Adolescence ends: Becoming capable of sexual reproduction

• 3 2.3 Theoretical perspectives on adolescence

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• What does the biological perspective on human development suggest according to Hall and the dual systems theory?

  - Biological perspective implies that human development mirrors evolutionary theory, characterized by turbulence (as per Hall).
  - Suggests imbalance in adolescent development due to the earlier maturation of the reward-driven system (system 1) over the self-regulating system (system 2).

• What are the core ideas of the organismic theories of human development by Piaget and Erikson?

  - Organismic theories posit that development progresses through ordered stages, with each stage prerequisite for the next (Piaget).
  - Human development viewed as resolving crises caused by the tension between biological drives and societal expectations (Erikson).

• According to Bandura, what factors influence human development, especially during adolescence?

  - Learning perspective, specifically Bandura's theory, suggests development during adolescence is influenced by reinforcement and punishment.
  - Development is also influenced by imitation, according to Bandura.

• What do sociological theories like those of Mannheim and Lewin indicate about human development?

  - Sociological theories highlight that development has common societal themes such as marginality and intergenerational conflict.
  - Development also includes contributions from influential figures like Mannheim and Lewin.

• What stance do historical/anthropological views take on human development, and who is noted for this perspective?

  - Historical/anthropological perspective argues that human development is contextually dependent on time and place.
  - Benedict is a notable proponent of this viewpoint.

• 4 Lecture 2 Theories and anatomy

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• What do adolescence researchers observe regarding adolescent deaths in the United States?

  - 13,000 adolescent deaths per year in the United States
  - 70 percent due to motor crashes, unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide
  - National Youth Risk Behavior Survey findings on driving after drinking, driving without seatbelt, carrying weapons, using illegal substances, and unprotected sex
  - Risky behavior peaks in adolescence
  - Research aims to explain why adolescents engage in suboptimal behaviors

• 5 1.2 Older models of adolescence do not explain these observations

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• What does CASEY propose to explain the observed increase in suboptimal behaviors from childhood to adolescence and the subsequent decrease into adulthood?

  - Heightened responsiveness to incentives and socioemotional contexts
  - Impulse control being relatively immature
  - More sensitivity to reward and context, such as peers

• How does adolescence differ from adulthood in terms of emotional reactivity according to observations?

  - Adolescence is associated with increased emotional reactivity, in addition to risky behaviors
  - Changes in social interactions may play a role
  - The value of positive/negative information may be exaggerated