Cross-sectional review by Durston

5 important questions on Cross-sectional review by Durston

What did Durston find regarding total brain volume from the age of 5 onwards?

- Total brain volume is constant from age 5 onwards
- White matter increases during childhood and into adulthood
- More white matter in older participants than in younger due to myelination of axons

Explain the pattern of myelination in the brain as described by Durston.

- Myelination from inferior to superior and posterior to anterior
- Simple to complex pattern
- Myelination occurs before birth, in first 2 years, and continues (e.g., corpus callosum)

Why does cortical gray matter show a net decrease across a certain age span?

- Increase in childhood followed by decrease before adulthood
- Ongoing pruning until age 12 peak in connections
- Continued pruning during childhood and puberty
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How does the volume of amygdala and hippocampus change with age according to Durston?

- Increase in volume with age
- Different pattern compared to cortical gray matter and basal ganglia

Why is brain development significant in understanding behavior according to Durston?

- Links anatomical changes to behavioral changes
- Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia volumes associated with ability to inhibit
- Anterior cingulate cortex size linked to switching in 6–18-year-olds

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