Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure - Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure
4 important questions on Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure - Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure
What are the most common causes of Acute Respiratoiry Failure? (5)
- Exacerbation COPD: thick mucopurulent secretions as well as bronchospasm > often both hypoxemic and hypercapnic (mixed ARF)
- Pneumonia: most often hypoxemic, but can also be hypercapnic
- ARDS: manifestation of a systemic inflammatory response caused by pulmonary or nonpulmonary injury or disease. > mostly hypoxemic failure because of an increased shunt fraction due to alveolar filling
- Traumatic brain injury: predominantly hypercapnic RF
- Decompensated congestive heart failure: predominantly hypoxemic failure, due to alveolar filling and increased shunt.
What is often the cause of hypoxemic respiratoiry failure? (3)
Interference with the pulmonary system's ability to adequately oxygenate blood as it circulates through the alveolar capillaries.
What is often the cause of hypercapnic respiratoiry failure? (3)
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How are the disorders associated with inadequate co2 offloading classified?
Nerves & muscles: trauma, drugs, metabolic, neoplasma infections, other
Upper airway: tissue enlargement infections, other
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