Electrolyte Disturbances - Potassium - Hypokalemia

6 important questions on Electrolyte Disturbances - Potassium - Hypokalemia

Causes of transcellular shifts of potassium in hypokalemia (4)

  • Acute alkolosis
  • Hyperventilation
  • Insuline
  • B-Adrenergic agonists

Causes of renal losses of potassium in hypokalemia (8)

  • Diuresis
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Renal tubular defects
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Drugs (diuretics, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B)
  • Hypomagnesemia
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Cushing's syndrome

Causes of extrarenal losses of potassium in hypokalemia (4)

  • Diarrhea
  • Profuse sweating
  • Nasogastric suction
  • Vomiting
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Causes of decreased intake of potassium in hypokalemia (3)

  • Malnutrition
  • Alcoholism
  • Anorexia

Treatment of hypokalemia (<2.5 mmol/L) without symptoms (2)

  • KCl 20-40 mmol elke 2-4 uur
  • KCl 10 mmol/u IV

Treatment of hypokalemia (<2.5 mmol/L) with symptoms (arrhythmias, paralysis)

  • KCl 20-30 mmol/u IV via CVL

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