Electrolyte Disturbances - Potassium - Hypokalemia
6 important questions on Electrolyte Disturbances - Potassium - Hypokalemia
Causes of transcellular shifts of potassium in hypokalemia (4)
- Acute alkolosis
- Hyperventilation
- Insuline
- B-Adrenergic agonists
Causes of renal losses of potassium in hypokalemia (8)
- Diuresis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Renal tubular defects
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Drugs (diuretics, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B)
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Cushing's syndrome
Causes of extrarenal losses of potassium in hypokalemia (4)
- Diarrhea
- Profuse sweating
- Nasogastric suction
- Vomiting
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Causes of decreased intake of potassium in hypokalemia (3)
- Malnutrition
- Alcoholism
- Anorexia
Treatment of hypokalemia (<2.5 mmol/L) without symptoms (2)
- KCl 20-40 mmol elke 2-4 uur
- KCl 10 mmol/u IV
Treatment of hypokalemia (<2.5 mmol/L) with symptoms (arrhythmias, paralysis)
- KCl 20-30 mmol/u IV via CVL
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