Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure
4 important questions on Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure
What are clinical manifestations of respiratory distress (4)
- Altered mental status (agitation to somnolence)
- Increased work of breathing (nasal flaring, respiratory muscles, tachypneu, or paradoxical breathing pattern)
- Cyanosis of mucosal membranes (tongue, mouth)
- Persperation, tachycardia, hypertension (catecholamine release)
What is paradoxical inspiration?
Air-Entrainment / Venturi Mask
- 100% oxygen
- FiO2 can be controlled (24% - 50%) by changing the jet nozzle and adjust the flow rate
- Useful for patients with COPD who require a degree of hypoxemia to sustain respiratory drive
High-flow, controlled oxygen
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Aerosol Face Mask
- Nebulizer (=vernevelaar) + 100% oxygen
Moderate flow, variable-oxygen
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