Summary: Field Excursions
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1 Lectures
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1.2 Sand landscapes
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Where are the high sands in the Netherlands?
On the highest driest locations with aeolian deposits in the sand-landscape that were overexploited in the plaggenagriculture (Drenthe, Veluwe, N-Brabant). -
Where are the cover sands?
In the east. -
What caused the landscape transformation in early 1900?
- Large scale planting of Scots pine (mining for coal)
- Invention of artificial fertilser
- Large scale planting of Scots pine (mining for coal)
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What are the 4 habitats that can be found in high sands?
1.Drift sands (anthropomorphic )
2.Dry sand heaths (anthropomorphic ))
3.Pine forest (anthropomorphic )
4.Acidophilous oak forest
a) Oak forest with birch (Birch-oak forest)
b) Oak forest with beech (Beech-oak forest) -
What species are typical for drift sands?
- Corynephorus canescens, Buntgras
- Grey hair-grass; Cladonia
- sp., korstmossen,
- lichens
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What species are typical for dry sand heaths?
- Calluna vulgaris, Struikhei, Heather
- Carex pilulifera, Pilzegge, Pill sedge
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What species are typical for pine forests?
Pinus sylvestris,Grove den,Scots PineDeschampsia flexuosa,Bochtige smele, Wavy hair-grass- Crested tit / Kuifmees Lophophanes cristatus
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What species are typical for acidophilous oak forest?
- Vaccinium myrtilus, Blauwe bosbes, Bilberry
- Betula pendula, Ruwe berk, Silver birch
- Willow tit / Matkop Poecille montanus
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What species are typical for acidophilous beech forest?
- Maianthemum bifolium, Dalkruid, May lily
- Ilex aquifolium, Hulst, Holly
- Nuthatch / Boomklever Sitta europaea
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What species are typical for wet heaths?
- Erica tetralix, Gewone dophei, Cross-leaved heath
- Gentiana pneumonanthe, Klokjesgentiaan, Marsh gentian
- Alcon blue / Gentiaanblauwtje Phengaris alcon
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