Inventory and COGS - Cutoffs and FOB

9 important questions on Inventory and COGS - Cutoffs and FOB

Why are cutoff issues important?

For inventory and matching issues, as well as legal issues, the point when ownership passes from seller to buyer must be defined.

What is FOB destination?

When the seller still owns goods in transit.  Ownership passes when buyer receives them.

Name a type of company that must take transit issues exceptionally seriously.

Oil companies, for instance, might have huge amounts of goods in transit for substantial time periods.
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What is different about a periodic inventory system?

Sales revenue and cash (A/R) are recognized, but inventory and COGS do not get an entry with each sale, but only when physical inventory is taken at the end of the period.

What is one problem with LIFO?

It is not recognized internationally as an acceptable inventory valuation method.

What happens if inventory is accidentally overlooked in a physical count?

COGS is overstated in that year, and net income is lower than actual.  In the next year, the reverse of the error takes place- not enough in COGS, and the net income is too high.

What happens if inventory is double counted?

This would lead to not enough in COGS, and an overstatement of income.  The error would be reversed in the next year.

How can inventory be estimated with the gross profit method?

Find the goods available for sale from beginning inventory and purchase journal.
Use historic data to estimate the gross profit, and COGS.
Subtract COGS from estimated goods available for sale to get an inventory estimate.

What is the retail method of estimating inventory cost?

This method involves knowing the retail cost of the goods available for sale, and using the ratio between cost and retail to estimate the cost of the current inventory.

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