Summary: First Aid

Read the summary and the most important questions on First Aid

• 1 First Aid

• What are the three purposes of first aid?

  Preserve life
  Prevent the casualty’s condition form worsening
  Promote recovery.

• Describe the three steps for first aid?

  1) Find out what is wrong with the casualty
  2) Treat conditions in order of severity life-threatening conditions first
  3) Arrange the next step of the person’s care

• 2 Assessment

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• What is the acronym for the secondary assessment? And what does it stand for?

  AMPLE
  A – Allergy
  M- medications
  P- previous medical history:
  L- last meal: when did they last eat
  E- event history

• What are some other signs to look out for (not included in the first and secondary assessment?

  Pale, clammy skin (for dark skin look at the colour of skin inside the lips)
  Blue tinges to the skin and lips (cyanosis)
  Increase in pulse rate
  Nausea or vomiting
  Increased breathing (if the brain detects low oxygen)
  Lowered breathing rate (indicates a brain problem)
  Distressed breathing or gasping
  Confusion or dizziness

• How do you assess for responsiveness and what is the acronym?

  A  Alert are they alert and do they respond to questions
  V  Voice Does the casualty respond to voice (can they answer simple questions or answer comands
  P   Pain (does the casualty respond to pain (do they open their eyes or move if I pinch their ear lobe)
  U  Unresponsive (is the casualty unresponsive to any stimuli)

• What are ten common causes of unconsciousness and what is the acronym for them?

  Fish Shaped
  F FAINTING
  I  Imbalance of Heart
  S Shock
  H  Head injury
   
  S stroke
  H  Heart attack
  A  Asphyxia
  P  Poisoning
  E  Epilepsy
  D  Diabetes

• 3 Unresponsive and breathing casualty

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• What should you do with pregnant women? What should you do if a casualty has been in the recovery position for 30 minutes?

  -If the casualty is pregnant turn them onto their left side to help their circulation.
  -if casualty is likely to remain in the recovery position for a while after 30 minutes roll them onto their back and then roll them onto the other side- unless other injuries prevent you from doing this.

• Name two things you should not do when the patient is in the recovery position?

  Don't place a pillow under the casualty's head while they are on their back
  don't place anything in the unconscious person's mouth.

• 4 Heart Attack

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• What is a heart attack? What is another name for it? How is it treated?

  A heart attack (myocardial infarction or MI) is a serious medical emergency in which the supply of blood to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot.
  
  

  • using medicines to dissolve blood clots
  • surgery to help restore blood to the heart

• What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

  · Persistent, vice-like central chest pain that may spread to the jaw and down one or both arms (a feeling of pressure, heaviness, tightness or squeezing across your chest)
  · Pale
  · Cold clammy
  · Fast and shallow breathing
  · Fast, weak, irregular pulse
  · Anxious (a sudden feeling of anxiety that can feel similar to a panic attack)
  · Nausea (feeling sick or being sick)
  · Sudden onset, which can happened during rest
  -lots of coughing or wheezing due to a build-up of fluid in the lungs.