Fat soluble vitamins and health - Vitamin D
22 important questions on Fat soluble vitamins and health - Vitamin D
To what compounds does the name vitamin D belong?
What are the diartery forms of vitamin D and how do they become bioactive?
They have to be converted in the liver and in the kidney.
What is an other name for vitamin D2 and where can it be found?
found in plants yeasts and fungi in free form
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What is an other name for vitamin D3 and where can it be found?
animal origen
found in free form and lint to fatty acids (word er van af gehaald door lipase in the upper part of the small intestns)
How do vitamin D2 and D3 differe form eachoter?
How is vitamin D activated?
1st step: (occurs in the liver)
One hydroxyl group is added to vitamin D3 (and D2) at the 25-position to form calcidiol. Calcidiol is the major circulating form of vitamin D. The chemical name for calcidiol is 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
2nd step: (occurs in kidney)
Another hydroxyl group is added to form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, also referred to as 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol or calcitriol.
What are the key tissues in which calcitriol (= 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is active are:
How can the body make its own vitamin D?
How is vitamine D2 en 3 absorbed by the body?
In which organs does vitamin D2 and 3 become bio active?
In both tissues a hydroxyl group is added to the molecule, which results in products that are more water-soluble than their parent compounds.
However they do need to be bound to transport proteins called DBP.
How is the last metabolic step of vitamin D strictly regulated?
Dus hij voorkomt dat er meer word gemaakt en promoot dat hij zelf word afgebroken.
How can you have short term adjustments depending on the calcium and phosphorus needs?
What is the classic role of vitamin D?
What is the genomic function of vitamin D and how does it work?
- To perform its biological roles, calcitriol binds to a specific receptor called the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is located in the nuclei of target cells.
- The binding of calcitriol to VDR is followed by binding of VDR to the vitamin A-activated RXR receptor.
- The VDR-RXR complex binds to DNA and thereby turns on a large number of genes in a wide variety of tissues.
What are the tissues in which a large number of genes are turned on?
- bone,
- kidney, and
- intestine
For example, in the intestine calcitriol induces the production of several proteins including a calcium channel (TRPV6), calcium-binding proteins (calbindins), calcium pumps, an ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase, which are all involved in calcium absorption in the intestine.
What happens to childeren when they have a vitamin D deficiency that is not that bad?
- restlessness,
- irritability,
- excessive sweating
- impaired appetite
What does vitamin deficiency in adults?
The bowns slowly become defficient in calcium and phosphorus and therefor the bones get soft.
The first signs are muscle pain that can preogress to muscle weekness and spasms. You also have an increased risk of infectons
Severe vitamijn D deficiencys will result in brittle bones
It can also cause osteoporosis:
dosordoer of older aged people in whcih there is loss of bone. When you fall it results in muscle weakness and fractures.
What is the best indicator of the vitamin D status in a person?
This is because production of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol is primarily dependent on substrate concentration. Its concentration in plasma is used as marker of vitamin D status in epidemiological studies
What is the conclusion about vitamin D and bone fractures?
What are food sources of vitamin D?
- Fish liver oils
- Salt- water fish such as sardines, herring, salmon and mackerel
- eggs
- meat
- milk
- butter
On what does your vitamin D requirement depent?
- Time in the sun.
- Skin caller.
- Age (when you are older you have less 7-dehydrocholestrol in your skin)
What is the RDI for vitamin D?
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