Judgement and Decisions

32 important questions on Judgement and Decisions

What are the 8 steps of Quality control process?

  1. Input
  2. Process
  3. measurement
  4. Comparing (standard with tolerances)
  5. Evaluating extent of deviation
  6. Corrective action
  7. Process
  8. Output

Why is it relevant to control supply chain ?

Output one stage = input next stage

Which 3 elements have effect on a decision-making?

  1. Information (uncertainty)
  2. Objectives (Alternatives)
  3. Interests (Constraints)
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What are different types of control decision ?

  • Decisions on out of tolerance/deviation
    • Product properties
    • people actions
    • requirement on personnel, procedures
    • requirement on process parameters
  • Decisions on corrective actions

Underlying process (layers_

Measuring ->  Evaluating -> Alternatives and ecison -> Action

Information/perception -> Existing knowledge heuristics -> Decision intention -> Behaviour

What is the effect of Quality assignment model (QAM)?

It is ultimately the human appreciation which lead to assigned quality (not properties itself)

What is cognitive approach to individual decision making?

A judgment is: Perception forming -> Attitude forming -> Making the final decision

Deepening on Perception and attitude:  From sensory data to attitude

Sensory data/stimuli - Attention - Origination/Recognition - Interpretation - perception- Cognition/affection - choice intentions - attitudes

What is the perception process?

A mental process involving the selection, organization, structuring and interpretation of information in order to make inferences and give meaning to the information

What is part of the individual observation processes?

  • Visual observation
  • Tasting
  • Hearing
  • Smelling
  • Touching

How do human systems digest information?

Information comes in brain, contact with:

  • Adaptation
  • Cognition: comparing intensities
  • Comparing: against internal standard
  • Fatigue
  • Sensitization
  • Qualitative
  • Quantitative
What leads to response.

What is a Judgement?

People use perceptual cues to make inferences and conclusions about the state of their surrounding environment

What are cues(signalen)?

Are certain focus-points, which serve as indicators about the circumstance of the environment.

What is the effect of cues?

In the individual mind mental representations of the situation are constructed, based on the information from these cues.

What is Cues model of Brunswik?

Relating criterion to indicators to make judgement transparent

What are 5 examples for judgmental heurstic?

  • Availability heuristic
  • representation heuristic
  • selective perception and framing 
  • anchoring effect
  • propositional heuristic

How to reduce negative effect judgmental heuristics?

By adequate information supply and by chaining individuals mental models.

What results in attitude formation ?

The comparison between experiences and expectations?

How works the judgement of food quality?

During the perception formation process a perception is formed at two moment: prior experience( what to expect) and after experience ( when measured)

How is a attitude formed?

An attitude is the combined effect of a belief and a value which gives a feeling about a particualr object. A belief is an assumption that something exists and that is has certain characteristics, whereas a value what a person wants to be true

What is attitude forming process?

By cognitive component and affective component.

  • cognitive: beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or information held by a person
  • affective: emotion or feeling part of an attitude

Mental process: Economic man vs Administrative man

Economic man:  Full information, optimizing decisions, objectivity

Administrative man: Limited information, satisficing decisions, subjectivity

What has effect on Action of organization?

  • Organization structure
  • Adequate information
  • competencies people
  • adequate supporting systems

How do people generate their experience?

The concept, rules and principles that guide their behavior in new situations, and they modify them to improve their effectiveness.

What are mental models?

Are the unwritten assumption and beliefs that people use when they think about a topic

Why are mental models useful?

Because they allow people to make predictions or explain phenomena or events.

What is Experiential learning? Underlying loop

  • Concrete experience
  • Observations and reflections
  • Formation abstract concepts and generalizations
  • Testing implication of concepts in new situations

What is individual learning ?

Individualized learning, or individualized instruction, is a method of teaching in which content, instructional technology, and pace of learning are based upon the abilities and interest of each learner.

What is organizational learning?

In business management, a learning organization is a company that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself

What are the 4 managerial tools?

  • Generating information
  • Judging
  • Deciding
  • Take suitable actions

What are technological tools?

Determining cues and indicators, measurement instrument and state of the art technology

What are organization tools?

Procedures, task/ responsibilities/ mandates, coordinates, supervision and traning.

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