Sensory Science - Introduction
24 important questions on Sensory Science - Introduction
For what is sensory evaluation used?
What are the five senses?
- Sight
- Smell
- Touch (mouthfeel)
- Taste
- Hearing
Difference 'Sensory vs instrumental' measurements?
- Instrumental: Brix/pH/ NaCI etc.
- Sensory: Perceived 'saltiness'; 'sweetness'
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Why sensory measurements in quality control?
- Instrumental measure cannot predict human perception of food.
- Multisensory perception
- Especially odour is difficult to measure instrumently
What is chain of perception?
- E.g. Sweetness perception changes when adding salt.
What are six basic tastes?
- Bitter
- Sour
- Sweet
- Salt
- Umami (savoury)
- Fat (fatty acids are detectable)
What is function of six basic tastes in taste system?
- Attractive
- Sweet
- Salt
- Umami
- Attractive/unattractive
- Sour
- Aversive taste qualities
- Bitter
- Fat
Ortho vs retronasal smell.
- Otrhonasla (smell) ; retronasal ('taste'; after chewing, swallowing)
- Smell is often confused by taste: eg. Choclatoe, fruits etc.
What is difference between Taste and Smell perception
- Taste
- 6 basic taste
- Easy to recognize
- Many different intensities
- Strongly link to nutrition
- Smell
- endless substances/qualities
- Difficult to recognize
- Few different intensities
- Strongly related to memory and emotional link
What do you about Mouthfeel (touch)?
- Somatosensory system
- Related to receptors in body, density in mouth larger.
- Stimulated by physical impacts
What do know of sense of sight: vision
- Colour and apperance are primary indicator of food quality
- Strongly associated with expectations
- influence perceptions of other sensory modalities.
What are basics of Discrimination test?
- Are there difference?
- Analytic
- Panel sometimes trained
- Test: Triangle, Duo-trio and Paired-comparison
What are basics of Descriptive test ?
- How different?
- Analystic
- Panel is trained
- Test: VAS and Spiderweb
What are basics of Affective test?
- How well liked?
- Hedonic
- Panel is untrained
- VAS and Hedonic
What are 3 examples Discriminations test?
- Triangel test: Choose sample that is most different ( A B A )
- Duo-trio test: Choose sample that matches the reference ( A test A B)
- Paired-comparison: which sample is sweeter ? ( A or B )
How do to correct the for choosing the sample by chance ?
- Use high number of panelist
- Repeat within panellist
What is example of a Visual analogue scale (VAS)?
- How sweet is the taste of this product?
- Not sweet at all ------------------- Extremely sweet
Where for Descriptive analyses is used?
- Characterisation of food products
- Test differences between products and sho what is different
- The panel should be trained, to minimize variation.
Why a trained panel and how to select?
- Trained panel function as instrumetns to measure prodcut difference
- Reduce variation in responses and smaller groups are sufficient
- Select a trained panel:
- Screening -> taste, odour, texture sensitivity
- Training -> 'calibrate' intensities
- Validation -> eveulate panel performance
Why do use Affective/hedonic tests?
- To quantify the degree of liking or dislinking of a product
- Used especially for new product development
- Use naive consumers -> target population, large sample sizes
What is difference between analytic(Discrimination and Descriptive) and hedonic tests(Affective)?
- Analytic tests
- Intensity/differences of indivuidual attributes
- Strong control, high interal validilty
- Reliabity, sensitivity
- Hedonic/affective test
- as a whole
- weaker control, higher external vialidity
- predicitve of real life
Where sensory test in companies used for?
- Quality Control
- New product develpment: Is the food prefereed over similar foods of competirors
When you the 'blue' ; measuring, analysis, judgement, decision-making model. What are they advanced options?
- Advanced measurement tools
- Laboratory analysis/ calculation
- Scientific discussion
- Decision support systems
When you the 'blue' ; measuring, analysis, judgement, decision-making model. What are they simple options?
- Personal observations
- Framing
- Judgmental Heuristics
- Rules of thumb
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