Classifications, definitions and general causes of adverse reactions - Food Poisoning

11 important questions on Classifications, definitions and general causes of adverse reactions - Food Poisoning

What is the severity of food poising related to?

To exposure: the frequency and dose of ingestion

Why does the presence of pesticides have to be monitored?

The problem of misuse, make it necessary to monitor continuously, e.g. Aldicarb spraying on watermelons.

In which foods was ethylene oxide present?

Sesame seeds and hydrocolloids
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How can heavy metals end up in the food?

  • Contact of the food with improper packaging material or storage containers
  • Rare cases. During primary production process, e.g. Cows eating grass contaminated with mercury

How can endogenous natural toxins end up in food?

By incomplete processing. Plant foods, e.g. Beans have to be cooked to inactivate the toxins.

How can exogenous natural toxins end up in food?

Contamination by bacteria, moulds, agar and insects. The chemicals produced from these biological sources can even remain present after the living organism has been removed or destroyed.

Give some examples of food poisoning by toxins originating from algae that accumulate in seafood:

  • Ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of fish fed on toxic dinoflagellate algae. Common food-borne illness in the Caribbean, South Pacific and Indian Ocean areas
  • Paralytic shellfish poisoning. Clams, mussels or cockles that have fed on toxic dinoflagellate algae. Worldwide
  • Diarrheic shellfish poisoning. Ingestion of clams that have fed on these algae. Also in Europe

Can mycotoxins be carried-over by animal feed?

Yes from the animal feed to milk for example. For feed there are therefore also maximum levels.

Mention 5 issues in setting limits of process contaminants in food:

  1. They vary from food to food.
  2. Analytical methods for quite some components have not been validated for all food matrices.
  3. Scientific evidence of human toxicity is limited, especially since it mostly needs to be based on animal studies.
  4. Setting strict limits for many components will reduce the availability of food complying with those limits.
  5. Mitigation other than by screening of raw materials is often the only way to comply to the limits.

Where can 3-MCPD and Glycidyl esters be found?

During fat processing (extraction, modification of fat), but also contaminants of lubricant oils that come into contact with the food.

Where can MOHS/MOAH be found?

In printing ink. Directly migration from packaging to the food or via paper recycling.

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