Brief introduction into immunology (Background reading) - Mucosal immune system in the gut
13 important questions on Brief introduction into immunology (Background reading) - Mucosal immune system in the gut
What are the 2 functions of the immune system in the gut?
- An inductive site which includes the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), like isolated lymphoid follicles and Peyer's patches (PP).
- Effector site, which harbours the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), the epithelium and lamina propria (LP)
What do microfold (M) cells do?
What is zonulin and how is it released?
Zonulin is a protein that harms the integrity of the epithelial barrier by altering the junctional complex proteins.
Zonulin is released when specific food components bind to chemokine receptors (like CXCR3) on epithelial intra-epithelial cells
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What does the mucus layer covering the epithelium consist of?
- >95% enterocytes, responsible for nutrient degradation and uptake
- 5% goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and Paneth cells.
What do enteroendocrine cells (EECs) release?
What are Paneth cells?
Why are mast cells in the lamina propria (LP) important?
Where is the largest population of lymphocytes in the human body?
What do dendritic cells (DCs) do after epithelial barrier disruption?
- They actively participate in sampling of bacteria from the gut lumen
- activate Th17 cells
- generate regulatory T cells (Treg)
In the lamina propria (LP) there is a distance population of DCs. T/F
The lamina propria (LP) contains high numbers of plasma cells that produce secretory IgA. T/F
What suppresses the mucosal immune activation by IL-15?
What are CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?
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