Comparative advantage & trade

9 important questions on Comparative advantage & trade

What is role of economics?

Can help guide risk management decision by:
  • Providing estimates of the benefits and costs of programs to improve food safety
  • analysing their effect on production and trade in food products

What is comparative advantage theory(general)?

  • Explains the existence of international trade
  • Gains from trade individuals, firms or nations
  • Compare the opportunity costs of producing goods across countries

Conditions:
  • Under the condition of free trade
  • Free planning field

Which factors give advantage?

  • Price of labour
  • Existing regulations in countries
  • Subsidies
  • Natural resources
  • Technology
  • Education
  • etc.
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What is comparative advantage?

Country produces a good or service for a lower opportunity cost than other countries

What is effect of specialisation?

Can result in gains even when the absolute advantage is completely in one location is 'better'  at both tasks than the second location

When does market failure occurs? (5X)

  • Asymmetric information
  • Moral hazard
  • Transaction costs
  • Imperfect knowledge
  • Existence of external or social costs

How to close social gap?

  • Labelling + education
  • governmental regulations
    • products standards (e.g. Maximum residue levels)
    • process standars

What is social gap?

Environmental/ safety cost how are not included in the price

How can difference regulations can create conflicts ?

  • If domestic producers must adhere to regulations that raise costs of production, but foreign firms do not
  • If difference is not visible
    • Not willing to pay a premium price
    • image of countries does play a role here

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