Autistic attention-deficit, stress

19 important questions on Autistic attention-deficit, stress

What are characteristics of autistic disorder?

Poor/absent social relations and communicative abilities as well as the presence or repetitive stereotyped movements.

How can you tell autistics tend not to pay attention to someone's face?

There is a lack of activation of the fusiform face area and their ability to perceive emotional expressions on other peoples faces is impaired.

How is the brain development in autistic children?

Very rapid growth til the age of 2-3 and than slower growth than unaffected children.
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Where is there increased activity in the stress response?

Sympathetic branch of autonomous nerve system and increased secretion of homrones by the adrenal gland

How is an emotional response elicited in stress situations?

Corticotropin releasing hormone which stimulates release ACTH is secreted in the brain where it elicits some of the emotional responses

Which hormone released in the stress response has the most influence on health?

Glucocorticoids,  increases blood pressure damages muscle tissue, inhibit growth, inhibit inflammatory response and supresses immune system.

What can prenatal stress cause?

impairs function of the hippocampus and increases size of amygdala

What can happen by stress of chronic pain?

Decrease prefrontal gray matter

What are addictive drugs?

Those whos reinforcing effects are so potent that people are unable to go for very long without them and their lives become organized around taking them.

What do all addictive drug have in common?

They release dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, a very important structure in reinforcement.

How is dependece established in the brain?

Neural changes that begin in tegmental ventral are and NAc eventually involve the dorsal striatum which is important in instrumental conditioning

What do opiates produce?

Analgesic effect->pain relieve,
But also hypothermia, sedation and reinforcement

What plays a role in the craving of smoking?

Damage to the insula which is paired with cessation of smoking

What is the effect of alcohol?

Both positive reinforcing and through anxiolytic effects(anxiety reducing) also negatively reinforcing effects. It is an indirect antagonist at nmda receptors and an indirect agonist at gaba receptors

Which receptor is responsible for the physiological and behavourial effects of THC?

CB1

How does cannabis influence memory?

Produce memory deficits by acting on neurons in the hippocampus

How come a huge number of people do not become addicts?

Genes

What are some drug therapies?

Methadone replaced heroin addiction
Buprenorphine partial agonist reduces craving opiates
bupropion-> might help smokers
Naltrexone-> helps with alcoholism reduces reinforcing effects

What is difficult in treating nicotine addiction?

The treatments don't achieve the sensations in the airways.

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