Emulsions: Principles and preparation - Making emulsions using flow fields - Equipment
9 important questions on Emulsions: Principles and preparation - Making emulsions using flow fields - Equipment
How does making emulsions using flow fields work?
Mention 3 different types of machines used to make emulsions using flow fields
- Rotor-stator machines
- High-pressure homogenisers
- Ultrasound systems
Mention 3 different types of rotor-stator machines and their differences?
- Stirred tank --> not very intense, droplets stay relatively large (> 10 um). Wide droplet size distribution, smaller when longer treated --> turbulent flow
- Colloid mill --> High rotation rate and small size --> smaller droplet sizes
- Viscosity high --> laminar flow Re < 370
- Re > 370 --> turbulent flow
- Toothed mill --> small droplet sizes, turbulent flow
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What is the mechanism in a high-pressure homogeniser?
What is the difference between small, lab-scale homogenisers and industrial-scale homogenisers?
Industrial-scale homogenisers --> turbulent
Mention 2 types of high-pressure homogenisers
- Valve systems --> dairy industry
- Nozzle systems --> openings in series
What is the mechanism in ultrasound systems?
Why is using ultrasound systems to make emulsions not very applicable for large scale production?
Which molecules cannot handle cavitation?
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