The tissue level of organization - The supporting connective tissues cartilage and bone provide a strong framework

16 important questions on The tissue level of organization - The supporting connective tissues cartilage and bone provide a strong framework

Why are bone and cartilage called supporting connective tissue?

Bone and cartilage are called supporting connective tissues because they provide a strong framework that supports the rest of the body.

What are chondroitin sulfates?

Chondroitin sulfates are the polysaccharide derivatives that are found in the matrix of cartilage.

Where are chondrocytes located?

Chondrocytes are located in the lacunae. Small chambers in the matrix.
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What is the perichondrium? What are the two layers?

The perichondrium sets the cartilage apart from the surrounding tissues. It consists of a layer with dense irregular connective tissue (the outer layer) and a cellular layer (the inside layer).

What are the functions of the two layers of the perichondrium?

The outer layer (fibrous layer) gives mechanical support and protection and attaches the cartilage to other structures. The inner layer (cellular layer) is important to the growth and maintenance of the cartilage.

What are the functions of hyaline cartilage?

The functions of hyaline cartilage are provide stiff but somewhat flexible support and reduce friction between bony surfaces.

Where do you find hyaline cartilage?

  • Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
  • Covering bone surfaces at synovial joints
  • Supporting larynx, trachea, and bronchi
  • Forming part of nasal septum

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

The function of elastic cartilage is to provide support, but tolerate distortion without damage and return to original shape.

Where do you find elastic cartilage?

  • Auricle of external ear
  • Epiglottis
  • Auditory canal
  • Cuneiform cartilages of larynx

What are the functions of fibrocartilage?

The functions of fibrocartilage are resist compression, prevent bone-to-bone contact, and limits movement.

Where is fibrocartilage located?

  • Pads within knee joint
  • Between pubic bones of pelvis
  • Intervertebral discs

By what two mechanisms does cartilage grow?

  • Interstitial growth
  • Appositional growth


What is interstitial growth?

Interstitial growth enlarges the cartilage from within. Chondrocytes in the cartilage matrix divide, and the daughter cells produce additional matrix.

What is appositional growth?

Appositional growth gradually increases the size of the cartilage by adding to its outer surface. In this proces, cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium divide repeatedly and become chondroblasts (immature chondrocytes). These cells begin producing cartilage matrix. As they become surrounded by and embedded in new matrix, they differentiate into mature chondrocytes, becoming part of the cartilage and so enlarging it.

Why does bone heal faster than cartilage?

Bone heals faster than cartilage because, unlike cartilage, bone has a direct blood supply, which is necessary for proper and rapid healing to occur.

If a person has a herniated intervertebral disc, characterized by displacement of the pad of cartilage between the vertebrae, which type of cartilage has been damaged?

Fibrocartilage

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