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Managing change and innovation - What is change and how do managers deal with it?

5 important questions on Managing change and innovation - What is change and how do managers deal with it?

What external forces create an organization to change?

- competitors in the market
- Governments laws and regulations
- Technology
-Economic changes

What internal forces create an organization to change?

- A modification of an organization's strategy
- An organization's compositions changes in age, gender,..
-Employee attitudes sucs as employee dissatisfaction

What is the "calm waters'- metaphor?

A description of an organizational change thta is compared with a big ship aking a predictable trip on a calm sea and experiencing an occasional storm.

Explain Lewins 3-step description of the change process. ( Calm waters)

1. Unfreeze the equillibrium, this can be done by or increasing the driving forces or decreasing the restraining forces.

2. The change itself can be implemented.

3. Freeze the new change to an equillibrium again.

Explain "the white-water rapids" metaphor.

The organizations is seen as a small raft navigating a raging river with uninterrupted white water rapids. Aboard the raft are a dozen people who haver never worked together before and who are unfamiliar with the river. Here change is the status quo and managing change is a continual process.

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fundamentals of management

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