C19 The Inheritance of Complex traits
15 important questions on C19 The Inheritance of Complex traits
Why is height of adult men a quantitative trait?
When is a trait "complex"
What is a discontinuous (or discrete) trait?
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What is the formula for broad-sense heritability?Explain this formula in words.
the total phenotypic variance in a population is based on the environment (e) and genetics (g);
the broad-sense heritability is the fraction of the total phenotypic variance that is due to genetics.
- For which trait in humans is the broad-sense heritability highest and for which one lowest?
- Explain the meaning of this variation in broad-sense heritability?
- Highet for "height" ; lowest: "speed of information acquisition"...
- Differences in height in human populations are mainly based on genetic differences within the population, not on environmental differences
Can you conclude from the high H^2 of height that the considerable variation in height between e.g. People from North-Korea and the Netherland is mostly due to genetics?
The figure indicates 2 examples of how 2 alleles may interact and manifest in a heterozygote. A means additive effect and D dominance effect of the B2 allele.
explain "dominant gene action"
In table 19-4 it was shown that height has a high Broad-Sense Heritability (H^2 = 0.88) this figure refers to narrow-sense heritability.
Explain the formula of narrow-sense heritability
the fraction of the phenotypic variance that is due to additive effects. It refers to the variation that is predictably transmitted to the next generation.
Is it logical from the formula, that h^2< H^2?
Why can it be concluded that the heights of individuals and their same-sex parent are correlated?
What is mu in the figure?
This figure illustrated the so-called"breeder's equation" give this formula describing the relation between selection (S), response (R) and heritability (h^2)
Selection response divided bu the selection differential.
Explain the conclusion that selection can change the mean of the population.
What would the value for h^2 have been if in part b mu were 1.25? And what if mu were 1.63?
If 1.63, R=0,38 and h^2 = 1
The F1 is uniform but the backcross (BC1) offspring is highly variable.
- Why do we call this a backcross?
- Does this suggest that the parents Beefmaster and Sungold are homozygous parents?
- Is fruit size a quantitative trait?
- The F1 is back-crossed to the Beefmaster parent
- Yes
- Yes, the fruit of the segregating BC1 plants show continuous variation in size.
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