Summary: Gen-30806
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1 Variability and its measurements
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What does the process of natural selection involve?
Differences in survival or fertility, related to the trait values of individuals -
How do genetic differences contribute to variation in a trait?
The parents with higher fitness values will have offspring that resemble them to some extent -
What happens when differences among individuals in a trait are not transmitted to their offspring?
The offspring of the individuals with the highest fitness will be similar to the offspring of the parents taken randomly from the population -
1.1 Classical and quantitative genetic studies of variability
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What is discrete polymorphisms?
Has also been discovered by microscopic and biochemical studies of organisms- Chromosomal rearrangements are an important category of cryptic polymorphism
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Describe quantitative variability?
Unlike thediscrete polymorphisms ,quantitative traits, such as height differences among humans, have a roughly continuous distribution of values -
What are metrical traits?
Traits that can be measured on a continuous scale, and generally have a bell-shaped probability distribution approximated by the normal distribution -
What are meristic characters?
Characters with several discrete trait categories
- These often have a unimodal distribution, with the intermediate classes being the most frequent -
What are threshold traits?
Traits with two categories, where the expression of one of the two alternatives is determined by whether or not a threshold is an underlying continuously distributed trait is exceeded -
Selection on a trait in genetically variable population is....
Usually highly effective, and can rapidly change its mean value -
What is done with selection experiments on inbred lines?
- Many generations of matings between close relatives. All individuals from the same inbred line will be genetically nearly identical and will be homozygous for most loci.
- Alternatively: In some organisms, genetic identity can be achieved by clonal propagation
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